Analysis of the structure and features of traumatic injuries in victims with combat trauma

Аннотация

The aim of this study was to determine the structure and characteristics of traumatic injuries in patients with mine-blast and gunshot wounds, serving as a basis for developing a comprehensive approach to medical care. The study included 127 individuals with combat-related injuries who received treatment at a healthcare facility between February 24, 2022, and October 30, 2023. Medical records, including case histories and reporting forms, were analyzed. The structure and localization of injuries, types of trauma, and the frequency of combined and multiple injuries were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Office Excel (2010) and STATISTICA v.6.1 (Statsoft Inc., USA). In this study, the nature of traumatic injuries in hos­pitalized patients with mine-blast and gunshot wounds was analyzed. Results: 45.7% of patients sustained combined or multiple injuries, while 54.3% had injuries limited to a single anatomical region. The most common injury traumas of were the chest (18.9%), head and neck (16.5%), and abdomen (14.2%). Penetrating wounds to the chest and head were often associated with more severe consequences, such as pneumohemothorax and traumatic brain injuries. In mine-blast injuries, non-penetrating trauma predominated, in particular injuries of the extremities and pelvic bones, observed in 80 patients. A significant proportion of patients also experienced bleeding, exceeding 750 ml, which led to hemorrhagic shock in 63.6% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 13.4%, with most deaths occurring in the early stages of treatment, primarily due to the severity of injuries and the development of purulent-septic complications. Combat trauma is predominantly associated with mine-explosive mechanisms, characterized by a high frequency of multiple and combined injuries, significantly complicating the provision of medical care and necessitating a multidisciplinary approach.