Influence on hydrolysis products of adsorbent on its ability for low-polar liquids dehydration

Abstract

The paper deals with analyzing currently used dehydration methods and techniques, their weaknesses, which, in particular, relate to their application in both the laboratory conditions and industry are evaluated. The emphasis is placed on the problems, caused by the residual water in hydrophilic organic liquids (such as alcohols or aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids), and disadvantages of known dehydration methods are assessed. Using solid-phase adsorbents for dehydrating organic liquids, capable of forming crystalline hydrates is proposed and some attention is paid to another type of interaction between solid-phase adsorbent and water - its hydrolysis. It is proposed to use acid salts, which are much less susceptible to hydrolysis than neutral salts due to the presence of hydrogen ions. Calculation of tribasic orthophosphate acid salt hydrolysis constants is given as an example. Since salt hydrolysis may lead to undesirable consequences, in particular, organic liquids contamination by its products (e.g., alkalies or acids), the possibility of selecting such salts, which would be practically unsusceptible to hydrolysis is estimated. In particular, salts of s1-elements, which are insoluble in organic low-polar liquids, and at the same time effectively formed crystalline hydrates when interacting with water, adsorbing a large amount of water moles were used. Using such salts in the industry would help to eliminate the need for applying distillation columns or vacuum, or azeotropic distillation with the component, shifting an azeotropic point.