Structural state of a typical black soil under different systems of main processing in a specialized five-field field of the right bank forest steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.1.2025.324362Keywords:
soil, plowing, disking, chiseling, fertilizers, arable layer, crops, productivityAbstract
In a stationary field experiment on chernozem, a typical deep medium-loam experimental field of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, the structure of the plowed layer (0–30 cm) did not differ significantly under shelf, no-shelf and differentiated tillage. When processing the disc, this indicator decreased by 0.7%, not reaching NIR 0.05. Plowing in two- and one-field crop rotation excludes the differentiation of the plowed soil layer by the content of water-resistant aggregates. In soil layers 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm, this indicator was 65.3, respectively; 65.8 and 66.2% for shelf-disc (control), 65.4; 66.2 and 67.1 — differentiated, 61.0; 66.9 and 68.4 — shelfless disc and 60.2; 66.5 and 68.4% for disc processing. The heterogeneity of the arable layer of the typical chernozem is most clearly manifested in the case of disk and somewhat weaker in the case of plowless tillage in crop rotation. There was no increase in the differentiation of the arable layer in terms of structure under the influence of increasing rates of applied fertilizers. The difference in the structure of the upper layer of the soil under shelf-disc and shelf-disc treatments was 5.2% at the beginning and 3.4% at the end of the growing season of cultivated plants in favor of the control. And the lower layer is better structured by 2.6 and 1.7%, respectively, for shelfless-disc processing. With the increase in fertilizer rates, the structural condition of the soil improved. Productivity of crop rotation for shelf-disc and differentiated tillage is almost at the same level, but for shelflessdisc and disc — significantly lower. In field five-field grain crop rotation, deep cultural plowing is recommended for only one crop (preferably row crop), and for the rest — disking and chiselling to different depths, taking into account the biological characteristics of agricultural plants.
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