On geological hydrogen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v42i6.2020.222278Keywords:
geological secondary and primary hydrogen, heat flow, geo-reactor, tritium degassing, deep faults, native metals, hydrogen depositsAbstract
Formation of geological (abiogenous) hydrogen in the interior is connected with two groups of hypotheses: production of secondary hydrogen in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle as a result of its emission from water and some minerals as well as discharge of primary hydrogen from the core and lower mantle accumulated in the depths during accretion of the planet. Due to absence of direct access to considerable depths of the Earth’s validation of lawfulness of existence of primary hydrogen in the deep interior is a very complicated problem. Indirect approval of the unity of the processes in geo-spheres is a concept of the Earth as a single open spontaneous system with emission of thermal energy in all its geo-spheres including the core. In this system there is an intergeospheric heat-mass transition which is in good agreement with concepts of plum tectonics. Additional approval of thermal energy generation at big depths experiments with geo-neutrino may become which are in progress and detection of tritium degassing from the craters of some volcanoes and in deep layers of volcanic lakes. The evidences of periodic power emission of deep hydrogen from the interior are the results of studies of V.L. Syvorotkin, A. Dzhylat and A. Vol, A.Yu. Reteyum et al.
And the results of the studies of the state and changes of mineral medium in the areas as well as conditions of deep, location of many known oil and gas and metal deposits and diamonds give evidence of categorical importance of reducing (essentially hydrogenous) medium during their formation. The first thermodynamic calculations confirm the possibility of influence of primary hydrogen on olivine with following formation of water and serpentine. The efforts of computation of general hydrogen potential in oil-and-gas producing basins, the resources of the Dnieper-Donets depression as an example give an evidence of considerable resource potential of hydrogen on one side and on the other in relation to high reserve of unexplored resources of hydrocarbons they determine the reasonability of complex explorations for hydrocarbons and hydrogen. In connection with absence of 100 % evidence of the hypothesis as to primary hydrogen and the uncertainty of special features of its possible degassing the studies of exploration of its deposits should be made in the fault zones which may guarantee ascending transport of large volumes of hydrogen according to any group of hypotheses mentioned above. They must be strong deep faults to which conformable volumes for intermediate accumulation of hydrogen are attracted and which are overlapped by weakly penetrative layers capable to slow the ascending hydrogen degassing.
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