Про геологічний вуглеводень
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v42i6.2020.222278Ключові слова:
геологічний вторинний і первинний водень, тепловий потік, геореактор, дегазація тритію, глибинні розломи, самородні метали, родовища воднюАнотація
Утворення геологічного (абіогенного) водню у надрах пов’язують з двома групами гіпотез: формуванням вторинного водню в земній корі і верхній мантії у результаті його виділення з води і деяких мінералів, а також виходу первинного водню з ядра і нижньої мантії, накопиченого у надрах під час акреції планети. У зв’язку з відсутністю прямого доступу до значних глибин Землі доведення правомірності існування первинного водню у глибоких надрах є дуже складною задачею. Непрямими підтвердженнями єдності процесів у геосферах є уявлення про Землю як єдину відкриту систему, що сама розвивається, з виділенням теплової енергії у всіх її геосферах, включаючи ядро. В цій системі існує крізьгеосферне тепломасоперенесення, яке добре узгоджується з уявленнями щодо плюмтектоніки. Додатковим підтвердженням генерації теплової енергії на великих глибинах можуть бути експерименти з геонейтріно, які розвиваються, і виявлення дегазації тритію з жерл деяких вулканів і в глибинних шарах вулканічних озер. Свідченням періодичного потужного виходу глибинного водню з надр є результати досліджень В.Л. Сивороткіна, А. Джилата і А. Вола, А.Ю. Ретеюма та інших. А результати досліджень стану і змін мінерального середовища, а також умов утворення глибинного розташування багатьох відомих нафтогазових і рудних корисних копалень, алмазів свідчать про вирішальне значення виключно відновлюваних флюїдів у їх формуванні. Знахідки самородних металів і зокрема алюмінію у вміщуючих породах є прямим свідченням відновлюванного (суттєво водневого) середовища у період їх утворення. Перші термодинамічні розрахунки підтвердили можливість впливу первинного водню на олівін з наступним утворенням води і серпентину. Спроби визначення загального водневого потенціалу у нафтогазовидобувних басейнах на прикладі вуглеводневих ресурсів Дніпровсько-Донецької Западини, з одного боку, свідчать про значний ресурсний потенціал водню, а з іншого, у зв’язку із великим резервом нерозвіданих запасів вуглеводнів визначають доцільність сумісних пошукових робіт на вуглеводні і водень. У зв’язку з відсутністю 100 % доведення гіпотези щодо первинного водню і невизначеності особливостей його можливої дегазації дослідження з пошуків родовищ водню слід проводити у зонах розломів, які можуть забезпечувати висхідний транспорт значних об’ємів водню у відповідності з будь якою групою згаданих вище гіпотез. Це повинні бути потужні глибинні розломи, до яких тяжіють відповідні ємності для проміжного накопичення водню, що перекриваються слабо проникними пластами, спроможними сповільнити висхідну дегазацію водню.
Посилання
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