Features of the processes of convection and water intrusion at the boundary of the hydrogen sulfide contamination layer in the Black Sea in the climatic period 1991—2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i2.278339Keywords:
Black Sea, temperature, salinity, vertical distribution, extremes, hydrogen sulfide, convection, intrusion, seasonal fluctuationsAbstract
The comparison of modern hydrophysical conditions in the Black Sea with the previously analyzed period of 1903—1982 was carried out based on the materials of the recently created (1991—2020) climate array of average monthly thermohaline characteristics of waters. The dynamic of processes in the upper 150-meter layer (halocline) of the Black Sea was evaluated based on the analysis of climatic materials on the vertical distribution of the depth of the maximum water salinity gradient, which is interpreted as the upper boundary of the hydrogen sulfide layer in the Black Sea. The comparison of state and seasonal fluctuations of this characteristic during the analysis of average monthly maps was carried out by their averaging. According to modern data(1991—2020), in the open part of the sea, a more intense intrusion of these waters up to a horizon of 40 m was found, as well as single cases of natural release of hydrogen sulfide from the depth to the surface. There is a clearly pronounced semi-annual cyclicity in temporal variability; however, in the modern period, the shift was for the whole season: in 1903—1982, the convection (the downwelling of these waters) occurred during autumn-winter, and intrusion (upwelling) — during spring-summer; in 1991—2020 according to the same climatic data, convection occurs during winter-spring, and intrusion occurs during summer-autumn, with the maximum depth of occurrence during the period of winter-spring convection and the minimum during the period of summer-autumn water intrusion. The axes of the northern and southern convergence zones laying near the corresponding coasts of the sea, and the axis of the zone of central divergence is close to open areas in its middle part. By these axes, the differences in the depth of occurrence between the period of convection and intrusion in the northern and southern convergence zones were 21.5 and 17.5 m, respectively; for the central divergence zone, it was 7.5 m.
References
Belevich, R.R., Andrianova, O.R., & Skipa, M.I. (2022). The seasonal changes in the position of the upper boundary of the Black Sea hydrogen sulfide zone due to the nature of the dynamic processes development. Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal, 44(1), 145—157. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v44i1.253716 (in Ukranian).
Boguslavsky, S.G., Sovga, E.E., & Kazakov, S.I. (2006). Influence of the salinity field on the position of the upper boundary of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Black Sea. Marine Hydrophysical Journal, (1), 16—21 (in Russian).
Dotsenko, S.F., & Ingerov, A.V. (2007). Characteristics of Black Sea tsunamis according to measurement data. Marine Hydrophysical Journal, (1), 21—31 (in Russian).
Polonskiy, A.B., & Popov, Yu.I. (2011). Conditions for the formation of waters of the cold intermediate layer of the Black Sea. Sevastopol: MGI NAS of Ukraine, 52 p. (in Russian).
Ryabinin, A.I., & Kravets, V.N. (1989). The current state of the hydrogen sulfide zone of the Black Sea (1960—1986). Moscow: Gidrometeoizdat, 232 p. (in Russian).
Altman, E.N. (Ed.). (1987). Statistical characteristics of the thermohaline structure of the Black Sea waters. USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. State Oceanographic Institute. Sevastopol branch, 302 p. (in Russian).
Sukhovey, V.F. (1986). Seas of the World Ocean. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 287 p. (in Russian).
Secrets of the Black Sea. (2020). EMBLAS Plus. Kyiv, 63 p. Retrieved from https://emblasproject.org/secrets-of-the-black-sea-ukr (in Ukrainian).
Shnyukov, E.F. (2005). Methane gas hydrates in the Black Sea. Geology and minerals of the World Ocean, (2), 41—52 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 R.R. Belevich, O.R. Andrianova, O.A. Batyrev, M.I. Skipa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
