Від нової геологічної парадигми до завдань регіональних геолого-геофізичних досліджень
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v40i4.2018.140610Ключові слова:
plume, deep Earth degassing, degassing pipe, cross-formational system, activation zone, ecological consequences of deep degassingАнотація
Аналіз новітніх наукових досягнень у різних напрямах геолого-геофізичних до- сліджень показав, що вивчення процесів глибинної дегазації Землі від земного ядра до її поверхні і атмосфери набуває статусу магістрального напряму наук про Землю. Виявлення енергетично найактивніших і найпотужніших субвертикальних висхідних крізьгеосферних і крізьформаційних процесів, які локалізуються у вигляді ієрархії труб дегазації різних розмірів, від базового плюму до елементарного приповерх- невого каналу, має важливе фундаментальне і прикладне значення. Існування цієї системи забезпечується послідовними екзотермічними перетвореннями елементар- них відновлюваних газів до окисних речовин, які внаслідок таких хімічних реакцій послідовно отримують нові порції енергії, достатньої для поступового висхідного прориву глибинної речовини мантії і кори. Трактування мантійних плюмів як базових мегатруб дегазації дає змогу поєднати основні аспекти ендогенного рудоутворен- ня, нафтидогенезу в літосфері та екологічних процесів у земній корі і атмосфері. Структурно-геологічною основою труб дегазації є крізьформаційні системи. Вони
— основні концентратори висхідної міграції і накопичення нафтидів у багатоповер- хових родовищах. Усе чіткіше прослідковується зв’язок діапіризму з похідними мега- плюмів — трубами дегазації. Енергетика дегазації — головний чинник діапіризму. На підставі аналізу геофізичних та інших ознак сучасної активізації вказаного процесу визначено місця можливої аномальної дегазації на території України. Припускають можливість отримання у деяких з них природного водню як природної корисної копалини. Розглянуто екологічні ризики глибинної дегазації Землі, зокрема катастро- фічної через дію супервулканів, і можливі напрями протидії цим ризикам за умови цілеспрямованих зусиль передової частини людства. Назріла необхідність перегляду стратегії і методології подальшого розвитку геолого-геофізичних досліджень у цілому і таких важливих прикладних напрямів, як, зокрема, комплексна геологічна зйомка, картування, пошуки деяких корисних копалин, геоекологія.
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