Мінералофлюїдологія та синтез і генезис природних вуглеводнів у надрах Землі

Автор(и)

  • І.М. Naumko Інститут геології і геохімії горючих копалин НАН України, Україна

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v42i4.2020.210673

Ключові слова:

термобарогеохімія, мінералофлюїдологія, газово-рідинне включеня, мінерали, флюїди, вуглеводні, нафта і газ

Анотація

Обговорено можливості вчення про мінералоутворювальні середовища (флюїди) (термобарогеохімії—мінералофлюїдології—рідинних включень) в реконструкції флюїдного середовища мінералонафтидогенезу в надрах Землі. Показано, що в його природно збережених реліктах—включеннях у мінералах реально відображені процеси синтезу і генезису природних вуглеводнів, міграції вуглеводневих флюїдів та їхньої локалізації в родовищах нафти і газу. До таких явищ насамперед віднесено абсорбцію летких сполук мантії — H2O, CO2, CO, CH4 та інших, включеннями у мінералах субмантійного (мантійного) генезису (головним чином, в алмазі) як «hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-forming (petroleum and petroleum-forming) constituents». Розглянуто питання про те, що в мінералах основних і ультраосновних порід саме наявність діоксиду вуглецю і вуглеводнів є типоморфною ознакою дефектів-включень. Переважання глибинного CO2 високої густини у включеннях в олівіні із нодулей в базальтах о-ва Гаваї і Судет (Польща) та зі дна Індійського океану визначає діоксидовуглецевий характер дегазації в астеносфері і низах літосфери. Це підтверджує найважливіший постулат геолого-геохімічної моделі глибинного нафтидогенезу — лише такі сполуки, як H2O і CO2, можуть бути донаторами Гідрогену і Карбону для синтезу вуглеводнів. З матеріалів досліджень включень флюїдів у глибинних мінералах випливає наявність передумов для формування нафтоподібних систем за високої температури й тиску в астеносфері мантії Землі та їхньої міграції в земній корі. Оригінальні авторські напрацювання в цьому питанні реалізовано у новій теорії синтезу і генезису природних вуглеводнів: абіогенно-біогенний дуалізм і новій моделі мінералонафтидогенезу, а також моделі еволюції глибинних флюїдів (за включеннями у мінералах) — основі мінералофлюїдологічної моделі Землі. Це дало змогу обґрунтувати схему глибинного мінералонафтидогенезу (синтезу вуглеводнів і мінералів) у системі магма - літосфера в розломних зонах літосфери у середовищі абіогенного високотермобарного глибинного флюїду як одного з варіантів концепції полігенезу природних вуглеводнів. Запропоновано схему міграційних процесів у флюїдопровідних розломних зонах і доведено спряженість процесів міграції вуглеводневих флюїдів та утворення прожилково-вкрапленої мінералізації: з одного боку, формування покладів вуглеводнів, з іншого — захоплення вуглеводневих сполук в дефекти-включення в мінералах прожилків. Таким чином, ідентифікація вуглеводнів у флюїдних включеннях сприяє вирішенню, як фундаментальних проблем походження вихідних речовин для мінерального синтезу вуглеводнів в астеносфері мантії Землі, так і прикладних завдань з розробки пошуково-оцінювальних критеріїв вуглеводневої сировини (за генетичними показниками). Відповідно у нових нетрадиційних геотехнологіях передбачається пошук горючих копалин одночасно з розв’язанням проблеми синтезу і генезису вуглеводнів на атомно-молекулярному рівні, зафіксованому дефектами кристалічної структури мінералів.

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Опубліковано

2020-09-18

Як цитувати

Naumko І. (2020). Мінералофлюїдологія та синтез і генезис природних вуглеводнів у надрах Землі. Геофізичний журнал, 42(4), 72–96. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v42i4.2020.210673

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