An overview of seismic ground response methods over the world and their applications in Vietnam

Г.К.  Трунг; Н.Д.  Вінь

doi:10.24028/gzh.v43i2.230193

Автор(и)

Г.К. Трунг Фізичний факультет, Університет науки, В'єтнамський національний університет, В'єтнам
Н.Д. Вінь Фізичний факультет, Університет науки, В'єтнамський національний університет, В'єтнам

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i2.230193

Анотація

Оцінювання впливу землетрусів на будови і мегаструктури на великих міських просторах надзвичайно важливе. Тому воно завжди привертає увагу проєктувальників конструкцій і політиків, залучених до програми будівельних норм. Коли відбувається землетрус, коливання передається будівельним майданчикам. Хоча інтенсивність коливання спочатку не дуже велика, рух, імовірно, стає сильнішим і триває довше за особливих умов місцевого майданчика. Знаменитими прикладами такого впливу є події, що відбулися у м. Мехіко в 1985 р. і на Тайвані в 1999 р. Існують численні підходи до цієї проблеми, такі як оцінювання за сейсмічними польовими спостереженнями, метод мікрострясань, методи, що використовують дані слабких посувань, дані сильних рухів, одновимірний метод аналізу поширення хвилі або тривимірного поширення хвилі та ін. Зроблено огляд переваг і недоліків методів, які звичайно застосовують у світі. Проаналізовано застосовання цих методів у дослідженнях, проведених у В'єтнамі в цілому і в м. Ханой зокрема — переважно у західних районах міста і в кількох точках міських ділянок. Наведено коментарі та оцінки швидкості зсувної хвилі, класифіковано тип ґрунту без детальної карти впливу локального положення на всю територію міста. Для оцінювання всіх локальних ефектів міста майбутні дослідження слід фокусувати на застосуванні 1D аналізу для його центральної зони і комбінувати 1D аналіз з 2D або 3D аналізом, щоб мати ліпше уявлення про вплив локальних ефектів. Цей гібридний підхід необхідний для порівняня і верифікації даних, отриманих емпіричним і аналітичним методами. Слід також звернути увагу на багато проблем, наприклад: створення детальної 3D геоло- гічної моделі для м. Ханой, розрахунок домінантних періодів і зміцнення місцевих ґрунтових умов для міських зон.

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