Effectiveness of electromagnetic monitoring in studying earthquakes

Р.Х. Пірієв

doi:10.24028/gzh.v43i2.230195

Автор(и)

Р.Х. Пірієв Бакінскій державний університет; Науково-дослідний проектний інститут «Нафтогаз» (SOCAR), Азербайджан

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i2.230195

Анотація

Завдяки численним дослідженням методами електромагнітного моніторингу землетрусів, в тому числі близько Лома-Прієта і на Гуамі, отримані деякі важливі результати. З того часу з’явилося багато нової інформації про можливі електромаг- нітні провісники землетрусів, причому деякі спостереження зафіксовані на частотах ЭНЧ/ОНЧ (10—32 кГц) системою моніторингу Фрейзера та ін. [1990]. Пізніше була проведена обробка їх УНЧ-даних. Було мало підстав очікувати електромагнітних проявів провісників в цих пізніших даних, тому що попередні повідомлення про сигнали провісників з частотами нижче ЭНЧ/ОНЧ діапазону, за небагатьох винятків, включили частоти або нижче, або переважно нижче їх УНЧ-діапазону (0,01—10 Гц ). Було встановлено, що ЭНЧ/ОНЧ дані не показують провісників, в той час як УНЧ- дані містять деяку кількість аномальних особливостей, які можуть виявитися про- вісниками землетрусу. Спостереження ЭНЧ/ОНЧ шуму передвісника близького до епіцентру від декількох середніх до великих землетрусів показало, що ЭНЧ/ОНЧ шум може не бути сильною або очевидної особливістю кожного землетрусу [Фрейзер- Сміт і ін., 1990]. В даний час проводяться численні подібні дослідження, а їх якість поліпшується. З мого досвіду, як молодого дослідника, стає ясно, що проведення електромагнітного моніторингу необхідно, і що більш важливі і значні результати можуть бути отримані, якщо такі дослідження будуть безперервними. Таким чином, вони можуть зіграти важливу роль у виявленні провісників землетрусів.

Посилання

Asano, T., Rozhnoi, A., Solovieva, M., & Hayakawa, M. (2017). Characteristic Variations of VLF/LF Signals during a High Seismic Activity in Japan in November 2016. Open Journal of Earthquake Research, 6, 204-215. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojer.2017.64013.

Balasco, M., Colangelo, G., Lapenna, V., Loddo, M., Siniscalchi, A., & Telesca, L. (2004). Measuring apparent resistivity in a seismically active area of southern Italy. Physics Chemistry of the Earth, 29(4-9), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2003.10.007.

Batalev, V.Y., Bataleva, E.V., Matyukov, V.E., & Rybin, A.K. (2013). Deep structure of the western area of Talas-Fergana fault as a result of magnetotelluric sounding. Litosfera, (4), 136-145 (in Russian).

Booker, J.R. (2014). The magnetotelluric phase tensor: A critical review. Surveys in Geophysics, 35, 7-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-013-9234-2.

Butler, K.E., & Russell, R.D. (1993). Subtraction of powerline harmonics from geophysical records. Geophysics, 58(6), 898-903. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443474.

Bьyьksaraз, A., Pinar, A., & Kaşaroğlu, S. (2015). Precursory anomaly in VLF/LF recordings prior to the Erzincan (Turkey) Earthquake on July 30th, 2009. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Sciences and Technology, 5(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.17678/beujst.63189.

Caldwell, T.G., Bibby, H.M., & Brown, C. (2004). The magnetotelluric phase tensor. Geophysical Journal International, 158, 457-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02281.x.

Cohen, M.B., Said, R.K., & Inan, U.S. (2010). Mitigation of 50-60 Hz power line interference in geophysical data. Radio Science, 45, RS6002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RS004420.

Corwin, R.F., & Morrison, H.F. (1977). Self-potential variations preceding earthquakes in central California. Geophysical Research Letters, 4(4), 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL004i004p00171.

Currie, J.L., & Waters, C.L. (2014). On the use of geomagnetic indices and ULF waves for earthquake precursor signatures. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 119(2), 992-1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019530.

Fraser-Smith, A.C., Bernardi, A., McGill, P.R., Ladd, M.E., Helliwell, R.A., & Villard, O.G. (1990). Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 1465-1468. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i009p01465.

Goldin, S.V., Seleznev, V.S., Emanov, A.F., Filina, A.G., Emanov, A.A., Novikov, I.S., Visochkiy, E.M., Fateyev, A.V., Kolesnikov, Yu.I., Podkoritova, V.G., Leskova, E.V., & Yarigina, M.A. (2004). Chuyskoe earthquake and its aftershocks. Doklady RAN, 395(4), 534-536 (in Russian).

Hayakawa, M., Kawate, R., Molchanov, O.A., & Yumoto, K. (1996). Results of ultra-low-frequency magnetic field measurements during the Guam earthquake of 8 August 1993. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 241-244. https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL02863.

Hayakawa, M., Ito, T., & Smirnova, N. (1999). Fractal analysis of ULF geomagnetic data associated with the Guam earthquake on August 8, 1993. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2797-2800. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL005367.

Hayakawa, M., Ohta, K., Maekawa, S., Yamauchi, T., Ida, Y., Gotoh, T., Yonaiguchi, N., Sasaki, H., & Nakamura, T. (2006). Electromagnetic precursors to the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture. Physics Chemistry of the Earth, 31(4-9), 356-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.023.

Hayakawa, M., Raulin, J.P., Kasahara, Y., Bertoni, F.C.P., Hobara, Y., & Guevara-Day, W. (2011). Ionospheric perturbations in possible association with the 2010 Haiti earthquake, as based on medium-distance subionospheric VLF propagation data. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 11(2), 513-518. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-513-2011.

Hobara, Y., Koons, H.C., Roeder, J.L., Yumoto, K., & Hayakawa, M. (2004). Characteristics of ULF magnetic anomaly before earthquakes. Physics Chemistry of the Earth, 29, 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2003.12.005.

Horie, T., Maekawa, S., Yamauchi, T., & Hayakawa, M., (2006). A possible effect of ionospheric perturbations associated with the Sumatra earthquake, as revealed from subionospheric very-low-frequency (VLF) propagation (NWC-Japan). International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(13-14), 3133-3139. https://doi.org/10.1080 /01431160601094476.

Ida, Y., & Hayakawa, M. (2006). Fractal analysis for the ULF data during the 1993 Guam earthquake to study prefecture criticality. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 13, 409-412. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-13-409-2006.

Ida, Y., Hayakawa, M., Adalev, A., & Gotoh, K. (2005). Multifractal analysis for the ULF Geomagnetic data during the 1993 Guam earthquake. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 12, 157-162. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-157-2005.

Kalisperi, D., Rigakis, I., Makris, J.P., Romano, G. & Vallianatos, F. (2013). Continuous magnetotelluric observations in Western Crete as a tool for the study of the Hellenic subduction zone. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, Proceedings of the 13th International Congress, Chania, Sept. (Vol. XLVII, pp. 531-539). https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11080.

Kerimov, K.M., & Agaguliyev, G.B. (2001). Electromagnetic sounding feasibility to forecast earthquakes. Geophysics news in Azerbaijan, (1), 22-24 (in Russian).

Kerimov, K.M., & Agaguliyev, G.B. (2005). Stormterm earthquake forecasting potential based on electromagnetic data. Geophysical news in Azerbaijan, (2), 5-8 (in Russian).

Kerimov, K.M., Novruzov, E.S., Veliyev, H.O., & Suleymanov, G.S. (2006). Earthquake forecasting method. Eurasian patent #007086, EAPO, EAPV-#14007087-14. 12.07.2006.

Masci, F. (2011a). Brief communication «On the recent reaffirmation of ULF magnetic earthquakes precursors». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 2193-2198. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2193-2011.

Masci, F. (2013a). Further comments on the ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 193-196. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-193-2013.

Masci, F. (2010). On claimed ULF seismogenic fractal signatures in the geomagnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 115, A10236. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA 015311.

Masci, F. (2013b). On the multi-fractal characteristics of the ULF geomagnetic field before the 1993 Guam earthquake. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 187-191. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-187-2013.

Masci, F. (2011b). On the seismogenic increase of the ratio of the ULF geomagnetic field components, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 187, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2011.05.001.

Masci, F., & Thomas, J.N. (2015a). Comment on «Ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic anomalies associated with large earthquakes in Java Island, Indonesia by using wavelet transform and detrended fluctuation analysis», by Febriani et al. (2014), under review. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 3(9), 5665-5675. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-5665-2015.

Masci, F., & Thomas, J.N. (2015b). On the reliability of the Spatial Scintillation Index to identify ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. Radio Science, 50, 745-753. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RS005734.

Matyukov V.E., Spichak V.V., Rybin A.K. et al. (2010) Application of a neural network approach to analyze the correlation of magnetotelluric parameters with the seismic activity of the Northern Tien Shan region. Forecast of earthquakes, assessment of seismic hazard and seismic risk of Central Asia. 7th Kazakh-Chinese International. simp.: theses. Almaty, 47 p.

Molchanov, O.A., Hayakawa, M., Oudoh, T., & Kawai, E. (1998). Precursory effects in the sub-ionospheric VLF signals for the Kobe earthquake. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 105(3-4), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(97)00095-2.

Moroz, Y.F., Moroz, T.A., & Smirnov, S.E. (2011). Results of monitoring the variations of the geomagnetic field at the Magadan and Paratunka observatories. Fizika Zemli, (8), 49-61 (in Russian).

Moroz, Y.F., Smirnov, S.E., & Moroz, T.A. (2006). Results of monitoring variations of the geomagnetic field in Kamchatka. Fizika Zemli, (3), 49-56 (in Russian).

Novruzov E.S., Piriyev R.H. (2015). Efficiency of magnetotelluric monitoring in the study of geodynamic processes. Gorno-geologicheskiy Zhurnal, (3-4), 36-39 (in Russian).

Park, S.K., Johnston, M.J.S., Madden, T.R., Morgan, F.D., & Morrison, H.F. (1993). Electromagnetic precursors to earthquakes in the ULF band: A review of observations and mechanisms. Reviews of Geophysics, 31(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1029/93RG00820.

Phanikumar, D.V., Maurya, A.K., Kumar, K.N., Venkatesham, K., Singh, R., Sharma, S., & Naja, M. (2018). Anomalous variations of VLF sub-ionospheric signal and Mesospheric Ozone prior to 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake. Scientific Reports, 8, 9381. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27659-9.

Pospeeva, E.V. (2006). Methodological manual on the application of magnetotelluric sounding in medium-scale diamond prospecting works. Mirny, 75 p. (in Russian).

Potapov, V.V., & Pospeeva, E.V. (2017). Electromagnetic Monitoring by Method of MTS in the Epicentral Zone of Chuiskoe Earthquake. Interexpo GEO-Siberia-2017. XIII International Scientific Congress (Novosibirsk, April 17-21, 2017): International Scientific Conference «Sub-soil Use. Mining. Directions and technologies of prospecting, exploration and development of mineral deposits. Economy. Geoecology» (Vol. 3, pp. 167-171) (in Russian).

Piriyev, R.H. (2018). Analysis of Electromagne-tic Monitoring in Geodynamic Active Areas.

International Journal of Earth Science and Geophysics, (4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.35840/2631-5033/1821.0.

Piriyev, R.H. (2017). The issue of identification of earthquake precursors on magnitotelluric research materials. Problemy sovremennoy nauki i obrazovaniya, (21). (in Russian).

Piriyev, R.H. (2016). On the efficiency of electromagnetic monitoring. Materials of the Republican Scientific Conference «Actual problems of Geology» dedicated to the 93rd Anniversary of the National Leader of the Azerbaijani people Heydar Aliyev, Baku-2016, p. 235.

Rybin, A., Batalev, V., Bataleva, E., & Matukov, V. (2009). Magnetotelluric monitoring experiment at the Northern Tien Shan seismogenic zone. 11th Scientific Assembly IAGA. Sopron (Hungary), August 23-30, 2009. Abstracts-CD-106-TUE-P1700-0600.

Smirnova, N., Hayakawa, M., Gotoh, K., & Volobuev, D. (2001). Scaling characteristics of the ULF geomagnetic fields at the Guam seismoactive area and their dynamics in relation to the earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 1, 119-126. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-1-119-2001.

Surkov, V., & Hayakawa, M. (2014). Ultra and Extemely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Tokyo: Springer, 486 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54367-1.

Svetov, B.S., Karinskij, S.D., Kuksa, Y.I., & Odintsov, V.I. (1997). Magnetotelluric monitoring of geodynamical processes. Anali di Geofisica, 40(2), 435-443. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3920.

Takla, E.M., Yumoto, K., Ishitsuka, J., Rosales, D., Dutra, S., Uozumi, T., & Abe, T. (2012). Geomagnetic variations possibly associated with the Pisco earthquake on 15 August 2007, Peru. Tectonophysics, 524-525, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.008.

Thomas, J.N., Love, J.J., & Johnston, M.J.S. (2009a). On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 173(3-4), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2008.11.014.

Thomas, J.N., Love, J.J., Johnston, M.J.S., & Yumoto, K. (2009b). On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1993 Guam earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L16301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039020.

Ulash, M. (2011). Development of an algorithm by using VLF signals for predicting earthquakes. University of Firat, PhD thesis, Elazigh.

Uyeda, S., Nagao, T., Orihara, Y., Yamaguchi, T., & Takahashi, I. (2000). Geoelectric potential changes: Possible precursors to earthquakes in Japan. PNAS, 97(9), 4561-4566. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.9.4561.

Yetirmishli, G.J., Mammadli, T.Y., Muradov, R.B., & Jafarov, T.I. (2017). About the seismic risk of Sabayil district of Baku. Seismoprogn. Seismoprognosis Observations in the Territory of Azerbaijan,14(1), 12-21.