Про циркуляцію водню в атмосфері і земній корі

Автор(и)

  • В. В. Гордієнко Інститут геофізики ім. С.І. Субботіна НАН України, Україна

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i5.244051

Ключові слова:

джерела і стоки водню, геологічний водень, перспективи утворення родовищ

Анотація

Наведено огляд даних щодо джерел і стоків водню різного походження в атмосфері і приповерхневій частини і земної кори (лише в окремих випадках мова йде про кору в цілому). За результатами розгляду цих відомостей зроблено висновок стосовно незначного впливу підземного небіогенного («геологічного») водню на вміст і баланс газу в атмосфері, аж до стратосфери. Очевидна складність експериментального визначення потоку геологічного водню, вільного від біогенних і антропогенних перешкод, впливу дослідної свердловини та ін. Розглянуто ймовірні джерела глибинного водню: залишки магматичних газів (поза зон вулканізму), метаморфічні реакції, радіоліз води. Можливості значного винесення водню очевидні лише в зонах активізованих на цей час розломів.

Наведено дані щодо найпотужніших постачальників геологічного водню — сучасні діючі вулкани і термальні поля. Побудовано схему циркуляції газів Авачинського вулкана на підставі теплової моделі. Останню проконтрольовано даними геотермометрів, результатами прямих вимірювань температури в глибоких свердловинах і швидкісною моделлю. Показано можливість винесення фумаролами незмінного водню з магматичного вогнища.

Перспективи формування родовищ водню оцінено як невизначені. Обсягів магматичного і метаморфогенного газу в окремих районах утворюється достатньо для накопичення значних покладів протягом декількох десятків тисяч років. Проте можливість їх збереження протягом цього періоду або довше викликає сумніви. Родовища вуглеводнів без надходження матеріалу з великих глибин можуть розгубити запаси за набагато менший час. Більш висока проникність гірських порід для водню сприяє суттєво значнішим витокам газу.

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2021-11-24

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Гордієнко, В. В. . (2021). Про циркуляцію водню в атмосфері і земній корі. Геофізичний журнал, 43(5), 35–59. https://doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i5.244051

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