THE SOCIAL GENESIS OF MENTAL DISORDERS AND MECHANISMS OF COMPENSATION IN CULTURE

Abstract

Abnormal and deviant manifestations of sensibility and thought, revealing themselves in the art work, requiring the analysis of compensatory phenomenon that leads to an explosion of creativity.

Cultural history is full of episodes, which show that the problem of correlation of the talent and madness in different aspects reminded of itself by many obvious facts.

An important contribution to the study of the compensatory mechanism is made by psychoanalysis, who expressed the idea of sociogenesis of the mental disorders. The thesis that the mental health disorder is the result of a complicated process of socialization of the individual, is still the main idea of psychoanalysis and many areas of humanistic psychology.

The founder of psychoanalysis, Freud believed that neuroticism society all its members, and in every civilization there are conflicts between human needs that laid unconscious and so control their expression, performing "superego." According to Freud, the dominance of sexuality is replaced by the desire for power and strength, which impede the implementation of self-inferiority, lack of inner freedom. Neurosis that society is experiencing, according to Freud, can be overcome through compensation by certain social institutions. The role of these institutions for different segments of society can perform work – in the broadest interpretation of it – as well as art and religion. Man is subject to the highest level of their activity, integrity and autonomy, which includes a compensation process and the phenomenon of creativity.

The concept of "compensation" necessitates the involvement of studying this problem experience of psychiatry and psychoanalysis. According to A. Adler neurosis, which is diagnosed in humans – is an individual reaction to the complexity of personal affirmation of social status. Clarification of the issue of compensation actions lies in its combination of creativity (creativity). Solving the problems of compensation phenomenon requires, in our view, address the problem of canonical unity of the human person and the mind – body, soul and spirit. Our study indicate the facts are biographies of famous artists who entered the history of psychiatry as her patients.

In this connection K.-G. Jung offers so-called "therapeutic method". According to the theory of Jung, severe mental condition " unconscious" and "compensation" are the intersection, according to our ideas as if coming to a common threshold under which come the "move" creativity, making the source of creativity. It is necessary to take into account the typology of introvert or extrovert psyche.

According to Jung, characterized introvert installation approval subject and his conscious intentions and objectives in relation to the requirements of the object (for example, the material of the artistic work that creates a writer). To illustrate this situation can figure Beethoven. Еxtrovert setting, by contrast, is characterized by the conquest of the demands of the object (in our consideration of this situation can be illustrated by figure of Primachenko).

The phenomenon of cognitive activity is as follows: a person is conceived not only conscious, but on an unconscious level. We can conclude that the person is the subject of the Summit their activity, integrity and autonomy, which includes a compensation process and the phenomenon of creativity.

The general trend of humanization manifested primarily in changing the paradigm of psychiatric nosology centre on personality-oriented and adaptive. Attention is paid not to study how the disease entity as an abstract theoretical construct, and the study of personality functioning in a disease. Accordingly K.Yaspers viewed mental illness as a long-term phenomenon, rooted in the life of the whole person. He believed that the separation of disease from the general context of the individual's life make it unclear etiology, and treatment may be false. This is consistent with his ideas, according to which the biological events "modified human behavior over time", and the disease can be grasped as a special, unique individual characteristic specific mode of existence, which is formed of existence.

Analysis of transformation problem of compensation phenomenon in the history of psychiatric theories reveals the inconsistency that is the various estimates – from overuse and absolute disregard to the role of society in the life of a mentally ill person. It is very important that the intelligence fixed interest compensation phenomenon, which could give more chances for rehabilitation, which tend million.