ETHNICALLY FOLK CULTURE OF BUKOVYNA UNDER CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION AND MULTINATIONAL INFLUENCES

Abstract

Nowadays, the negative effect of globalization is the disappearance of peculiarities of national cultures, their originality and self-identity. So it is very important to find ways and means to preserve them. One of such means is the development and translation of ethnic folk culture. Considering the regional fragmentation of the all Ukrainian culture it is scientifically justified to study local folk traditions, including Bukovyna as one of the specific historically ethnographic regions of Ukraine. Thant’s why it is necessary to examine the features of ethnic folk culture of Bukovyna region as a result of multinational cooperation and the state and ways of their preservation in terms of the globalization of modern society; to analyze foreign ethnic and cross-cultural influences on culture of Bukovyna as borderlands region; to identify Romanian and Moldovan cultural elements in folk traditions of Bukovyna’s land, which determine the uniqueness of its regional culture; to determine the value of modern folk festivals for the development and promotion of culture in the context of glokalizational and urbanizational processes.

Bukovyna’s ethnically folk culture was formed under the conditions of its historical affiliation to various foreign countries (Moldavia, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Romania, the Soviet Union) and its current border with Moldova and Romania. Today the region has entirely Romanian and Moldovan villages, which folklore certainly had an impact and still affects on traditional Bukovyna’s art and traditions. In the ceremonial and ritual images, in the arts and crafts, in amateur painting and architecture the people of Bukovyna established their originality and identity, high endowments, involvement in national unity with all Ukrainian people.

In recent times, one of the most popular forms of interaction between people in modern culture is the festival. In the cultural context festival is perceived as a social and cultural phenomenon, a special form of intercultural communication, which is implemented within the creative and intellectual intentions of present day. Despite the fact that there are negative reviews about the quality and benefits of various festivals, in our opinion, folk festivals still perform their basic functions, such as popularization, preservation and restoration of traditions, and therefore, in view of increase in their size we can say that they attract more and more nationally conscious people. Thus, there are such folk, ethno-religious festivals in Bukovyna as "Malanka Fest", International Hutsul Festival, "Bukovyna’s meeting", "Obnowa Fest", "Kupala’s circle", "Bukovyna’s Branches", "Rainbow of Bukovyna"and others.

It is important to emphasize the significance of comparatively ethnographic analysis of common artistically stylistic features of Bukovyna’s costumes and clothing with neighboring Slavic nations, indicating that the ensemble of folk costumes late XIX – early XX century was the result of a long and difficult path of historical development of the region. For centuries its artistic qualities were formed in close contact with the costume complexes of Romanian, Moldovan, Russian people.

Researching the features of Bukovyna’s folk culture it is necessary to note regional specificity of embroidery. Regional peculiarity of Bukovyna’s shirts is that the end of the sleeves and hem are decorated with broad band of wreaths "tsyrka". "Tsyrka" is a delicate openwork with complex geometrized-floral ornament, made with white silk. The reflection of snow-white silk contrast with colorful beaded embroidery gives the shirt a unique look. This is the gold page of Bukovyna’s embroidery, which is unparalleled.

So such factors as the historical interaction with the cultures of other peoples and modern boundary mutual influence of Romanian and Moldovan population, on the basis of Ukrainian culture created its own original folk ethnic culture of Bukovyna. Mainly most of folk rituals and customs, as well as all possible kinds of folk art, including folk costumes, embroidery and carpet art are represented on ethnic festivals, which acquired its features through constant cross-cultural and multi-ethnic interaction. Actually thanks to the folklore Ukrainian people are able to preserve their originality and identity, to give impetus to the material and spiritual prosperity and revival of national culture.