THE EVOLUTION OF THE ACCORDION ART: HISTORICAL ASPECT

Abstract

This article traces the emergence and development of ways accordion in the world. It was found that the accordion is a keyboard-pneumatic instrument that belongs to the family of harmonics. It belongs to the class of instruments in which the sound stimulus acts metallic plate that vibrates when air pressure. In the article pioneers of this tool and its appearance is determined. The first tool was called "accordion" and was created in 1829 by the Vienna organ master, Cyril Demian. On the right side this tool has a keyboard, five keys that were given basic sounds in D major. On the left one the tool K is situated. Damien had five valves accompaniment that gave ten different chords. The process of improving the design of an accordion is the invention of "mutation" (a device that allowed disconnected ready chords from melodic sounds) and the first register, in which changed the tone. It marked the birth of the factory production of harmonics in Germany, France and Italy. Reported occurrence of harmonic variety called "harmoniyeflyut" with the keys on the right side, which were made based on the model of the piano keyboard. They were made by the Viennese master Matheus Bauer. Tools have a range of over three octaves and produced the appearance of accordion. Traced further improving the design of an accordion led to the creation in 1898 by the famous Italian master-designer Mariano Dallape, tool with the right type of piano keyboard and a complete set of chromatic baso-chordal accompaniment. The range of his accordion has about three octaves (g – e), on the left side of the keyboard, which consisted of a set of chromatic bass, major and minor triads, there were 48 buttons. Subsequently, a number of dominant seventh chords appeared. Such accordions got widespread in all European countries, the USA and Japan.

It was found that the improvement of the design led the development of accordion repertoire for the instrument. At the beginning of the XX century it includes not only the works such as popular songs and dance genres (lyric songs, waltzes, marches, polkas, tango, foxtrot, two-step), but some samples of classical music. An accordion began being used as a solo and accompanying instrument in jazz orchestras and ensembles, but in the early 1930s it became a popular pop tool. The reasons for the large and rapid spread of the accordion in various countries are presented by scientists. They include the principles of sound features. The instruments is changing the air pressure by moving the tongue. There is also a change of intensity fluctuations you can get the sound of faint quiet to loud and sharp. The height of the sound does not change, the tools of this principle musicianship can to keep long array, regardless of temperature changes during operation and storage. Another reason is an accordion portability and relatively low complexity in learning the playing on this instrument. At the same time it is pointed out that despite of the extensive development of the accordion, the instrument has not yet received the recognition on of serious musical circles.

The attempts of improvement of the accordion right keyboard revealed in the early XX century. It was found that there were accordions with two manual right the keyboard, which greatly enriched the artistic media tool. They performed transcriptions of classical music and pop compositions. In the 1920s, the accordion keyboard appeared and it was accompanied by commonplace and accordion layout.

It is noted that the great interest to a wide audience, accordion caused due to the identity of the piano right keyboard. Therefore accordionists are t often former professional pianists, variety performances which helped popularize the instrument and identifying its new technical and artistic possibilities.

The formation and development of repertoire for accordion are shown. It is emphasized that the improving the design of accordion, its great popularity around the world have contributed to the interest of professional composers of the tool and the creation of highly original accordion repertoire.

It is noted that the modern accordion is a reed keyboard-pneumatic instrument with a full chromatic scale on the right keyboard, bass and ready (chord) or ready-elected accompaniment on the left. All over the world this tool has taken an important place in contemporary chamber academic culture and remains extremely popular in the amateur environment.

It was found that the accordion has evolved from manual diatonic harmonica to the modern concert instrument with a large amplitude artistic and expressive, technical and timbre, acoustic qualities.