Ненасильницький протест в Республіці Польща на етапі демократичної трансформації

Анотація

The actuality of the nonviolent protest research, as the practice of the political objectives’ achievement without use of power methods and steps is being defined. On the base of the experience of the Republic of Poland the specifity has been analyzed and the basic principles of peaceful confrontation of the power and opposition have been defined.

It has been found, that the characteristic feature of the nonviolent protest in Poland was that it was taking place in terms of the democratic transformation of the country, the defining characteristics of which had been the consequences of the socio-political and economic changes. Among other factors that had served as the base of the future democratic changes peacefully there were the state of the social consciousness and the high level of the national consolidation, as the favorable background of the social and political processes and the rate of the development and aspirations of the Polish community for the changes; the peculiarity of the Polish communist rule with the characteristic national features; functioning of the noncommunist institutions (multiparty system, though formal, in the limits of the pluralism of thoughts universities and academic establishments continued their activism, the high level of the activity and influence of the Diaspora, the continuity of the illegal press’ functioning, etc.); the liberal and moderate policy of the ruling party  PORP (Polish United Workers’ Party); the oppositions’ struggle by means of the legal methods.  The main focus of the article is concentrated on the analysis of the last factor as the defining and such that set the tone to the whole characteristics of the adjustment. The activity of «Solidarity» on the basis of the « new evolutionism» or the « self-limiting revolution» provided not only peaceful character of the confrontation but the speed and efficiency of the reformation steps on the way of the democratic development of the Republic of Poland.