Zmiany stereotypów percepcji innych narodowości poprzez Ukraińców zachodniego regionu od 2002 do 2015 roku

Abstrakt

The geopolitical changes in Ukraine that took place in 2014-2016 influenced the psychology of interethnic perception of Ukrainians. This concerns the policy of intergovernmental cooperation and the attitude of Ukrainians towards national minorities living on the territory of Ukraine. Ukrainian society chose a pro-European model of organization of social relations, support for democratic values, which in turn influenced the change in the stereotypes of interethnic perception of Ukrainians. Research on interethnic perception issues was completed by 2016, and therefore reflects a false picture of interethnic interaction between Ukrainians and other ethno-ethnic groups.

The relevance of the study is related to the need to update the empirical material, which concerns the psychology of interethnic perception. In our study, we compared the results of the study, which were obtained in 2003 by V.Gorbunova. The survey was conducted among youths living in the northwestern region of Ukraine. As the results of our study showed, there is a group polarization at the level of consciousness of Ukrainians that differentiates ethnonational groups that are in the system of interethnic perceptions of Ukrainians into group associations such as "we" and "them".

According to the results of the factorization of the estimation matrix of the peculiarity of certain personality traits at the level stereotypes of interethnic perception of Ukrainians, we distinguished two groups of ethno-national communities: the first group consists of Germans, Americans, Poles, Turks; the second group includes Russians, Chinese, Kazakhs. Belarusians, Ukrainians, Moldovans, Romanians are not included in any ethno-national association, because they do not attribute to themselves the features that are characteristic of the two previous groups. The change in the vector of the geopolitical direction of our society has influenced the semantic structure of the stereotypes of interethnic perception of Ukrainians by other ethno-national groups.

There was a differentiation between ethnic groups at the level "we" and "they" and there is a tendency for Ukrainians to consolidate with ethnic groups that are part of the European Union. In comparison with the results of the research in 2002, we found that the main attitudes of Ukrainians in the consciousness of the Ukrainian people were and remain stereotypes of interethnic perception, which denote the personality traits related to the sphere of production and intergroup cooperation (hard work, perseverance, business qualities).

Compared to the results of the 2002 study, the features that indicate the ability of the ethno-national group to aggression, hostility, insidiousness become dominant. Stereotypes that denote socially-approved features that are not mediated by joint activity lose sentimentality: sincerity, openness, friendliness, etc. The results of the above study illustrate the peculiarities of the stereotypes of ethnic perceptions of Ukrainians, which were obtained on the basis of a sample of juvenile persons (17-20 years old) living in Zhytomyr, Volyn and Vinnytsia regions.

To obtain a holistic view of the specificity of interethnic perception by Ukrainians of other ethno-national groups, it is necessary to continue the study taking into account respondents from other regions of the country and other age groups, which outlines the subject and tasks of our further research.