Development of quality control and structure parameters determination methods for large size products from sintered hard alloys WC-(Co+Ni+Cr) based on analysis of the ultrasonic oscillations spreading parameters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.237447Keywords:
hard alloys, carbide grains, binding areas, skeleton structure, heterogeneous materials, ultrasonic oscillations, energy absorption, oscillations attenuation, porosity, particle conglomeratesAbstract
The object of research is hard alloys with a morphology of the carbide phase skeleton structure, in which particles contact with each other, and the gaps between them are filled with a binder phase. The mechanical and service characteristics of such materials depend on the degree of development of the skeleton structure.
One of the most problematic areas is the lack of non-destructive methods for determining the parameters of the structure. The introduction of such techniques will allow obtaining objective information on the structure of the material and using it to evaluate the quality of products. In the course of the study, the parameters of the scattering of elastic vibrations in inhomogeneous media were determined. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the processes of energy dissipation occur both in the structural elements themselves (carbide grains and bond areas) and at their boundaries. Therefore, the evaluation of dissipation processes will allow obtaining a quantitative estimation of the alloys structure parameters, and will allow assessing the quality of the material. The following characteristics were chosen as the parameters characterizing the propagation of ultrasonic oscillations: the speed of the oscillations propagation, the scattering background level in relation to the amplitude of the bottom reflection, the oscillations attenuation coefficient. The parameters were determined and compared with the characteristics of the quality of the products and the parameters of the microstructure, which were determined by the methods of quantitative metallography and the statistical characteristics of the relationship between the parameters, were determined.
As a result, new quality control procedures for carbide products have been developed. The contiguity characteristics of the carbide skeleton of the sintered cemented carbide were determined by measuring the propagation speed of ultrasonic oscillations. The assessment of the level of porosity with a pore size of less than 1 mm was carried out according to the results of measuring the relative amplitude of the background scattering of ultrasonic oscillations.
The proposed methods are non-destructive and are carried out in one cycle with ultrasonic flaw detection, to which 100% of the products are subjected. These techniques have been introduced in the production of carbide rolls by the method of controlled hot vacuum pressing. They have become an integral part of the quality control system for carbide rolls.
References
- Gee Mark, G., Gant, A. J., Roebuck, B., Mingard, K. P. (2014). Wear of Hardmetals. Comprehensive Hard Materials, 1, 363–383. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096527-7.00012-x
- Portu, G., Guicciardi, S. (2014). Wear of Hard Ceramics. Comprehensive Hard Materials, 2, 385–412. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096527-7.00033-7
- Mari, D. (2001). Cermets and Hardmetals. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 1118–1122. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/00209-6
- Baron, S., Desmond, D., Ahearne, E. (2019). The fundamental mechanisms of wear of cemented carbide in continuous cutting of medical grade cobalt chromium alloy (ASTM F75). Wear, 424-425, 89–96. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.096
- Chandrashekar, M., Sreenivasa Prasad, K. V. (2018). The Effect of Cobalt on Wear behavior of Cemented Carbide cutting tools for machining of Titanium alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5 (2), 7678–7684. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.443
- Heinrichs, J., Mikado, H., Kawakami, A., Wiklund, U., Kawamura, S., Jacobson, S. (2019). Wear mechanisms of WC-Co cemented carbide tools and PVD coated tools used for shearing Cu-alloy wire in zipper production. Wear, 420-421, 96–107. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.075
- Jialin Sun, Jun Zhao, Zuoli Li and oth. Effects of initial particle size Sun, J., Zhao, J., Li, Z., Ni, X., Zhou, Y., Li, A. (2017). Effects of initial particle size distribution and sintering parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of functionally graded WC-TiC-VC-Cr3C2-Co hard alloys. Ceramics International, 43 (2), 2686–2696. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.086
- Lu, Z., Du, J., Sun, Y., Su, G., Zhang, C., Kong, X. (2021). Effect of ultrafine WC contents on the microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistances of regenerated coarse grained WC-10Co cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 97, 105516. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2021.105516
- He, R., Yang, Q., Li, B., Lou, J., Yang, H., Ruan, J. (2021). Grain growth behaviour and mechanical properties of coarse-grained cemented carbides with bimodal grain size distributions. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 805, 140586. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140586
- Chang, S.-H., Chen, S.-L. (2014). Characterization and properties of sintered WC–Co and WC–Ni–Fe hard metal alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 585, 407–413. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.09.188
- Manshilin, A. G., Kulik, A. I., Pashinskiy, V. V., Sidorenko, D. G., Kashirin, V. V. (2002). Razrabotka i vnedrenie effektivnykh tekhnologiy proizvodstva tverdosplavnykh prokatnykh valkov. Stal, 8, 72–74.
- Pashinskiy, V. V. (2008). Procedure of quantitative stereological analysis to estimate relative position of particles in sintered materials. Fizika i tekhnika vysokikh davleniy, 18 (1), 101–109.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Volodymyr Pashynskyi, Igor Boyko
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.