Generalization of the average annual water runoff of the rivers according to the hydrographic zoning of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2019-51-11Keywords:
rivers of Ukraine, hydrographic zoning of Ukraine, mean annual runoff for rivers, statistical parameters of distributionAbstract
Aim of the research is to estimate average annual water runoff of rivers of Ukraine within river basins and sub-basins respectively to the Hydrographic zoning of Ukraine. The territory of Ukraine is divided into hydrographic units - nine areas of river basins and nine sub-basins.
Methods of the research - methods of mathematical statistics and statistical analysis of the relations between hydrological variables.
Scientific novelty of the research is to process the base of mean annual water discharge of rivers of Ukraine from 294 hydrometric posts from the beginning of observations until 2015 inclusive. 83 % of the posts have observation periods ≥ 50 years, and only 17 % have ≤ 50 years. Also, for the first time, the generalization of the mean annual water runoff in the rivers was carried out according to the scheme of Hydrographic zoning of Ukraine.
Рractical value is determined by further development of studies of the average annual runoff of the rivers in Ukraine and its generalization according to modern observation data.
Research results. Analysis of the relative values of the mean standard deviation in the calculations of the mean annual runoff of the rivers of Ukraine has shown that the series of its observations are considered representative.
Dependences of the average annual discharges of water in the rivers from the area of their catchments for river basins and sub-basins proved to be of rather high approximation. Correlations is from 0,76 to 0,99, which gives grounds for using them in practical calculations within the studied river basins and sub-basins.
Analysis of the spatial changes of the specific discharge of rivers in the territory of Ukraine showed that their largest values are (34-39 l · s - 1 · km - 2) fixed on small mountain catchments of the Carpathian and Crimea. In plains they vary from 12,6 l · s - 1 · km - 2 in the river basin of the Vistula River to 0,1-0,2 l · s - 1 · km - 2 in the rivers basin of the Black Sea. The general tendency is their decrease from the northwest to the southeast and south.
The variation coefficients of the the mean annual runoff for rivers in the flat part of Ukraine are within the range of 0,23÷0,65, for the mountain basins 0,20÷0,45. Coefficients of asymmetry have a low positive value for the entire territory of Ukraine. The generalized ratio between coefficients of asymmetry and variation is 2÷2,5.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Олександр Григорович Ободовський, Ольга Іванівна Лук'янець, Станіслав Олексійович Москаленко, Вікторія Олександрівна Корнієнко
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