Transformation of gender and age structure of the population (on the example of Poltava region)
Keywords:
demographic situation, mortality, demographic burden, depopulationAbstract
Beginning from the 1990s, a certain demographic situation caused by a decrease of population has formed in all regions of Ukraine. The reduction of fertility, high rate of mortality and a negative migration balance cause a decrease in the population in Ukraine. The consequences of such negative demographic trends are the increasing proportion of people over working age in the population of Ukraine in general and its individual regions. As a result of depopulation, the population of Poltava region sharply declined. Over the last two decades the number of older age people increased almost by 13%, while the number of people of younger working age reduced almost by half (150.3 thousand or 64 %).
In 2013, the number of over working age people totaled 341.2 thousand, accounting 24% of the total population of Poltava region. Corresponding average figure for Ukraine is 21%. Thus, the steady trend of changes in the age structure of the population in Poltava region, caused by the negative dynamics of aging is expected as a substantial increase in population pressure on the working age population. Another negative process that affects aging in Poltava region is a high mortality rate, which tends to increase. The main factors of increase in the mortality rate of people over working age in Poltava region are health conditions.
Accelerated aging on the background of low fertility and depopulation is one of the demographic phenomena, embodying not only the current problems with the reproduction of the population in Poltava region, but also has a lasting effect on all aspects of society. Aging population in the region (as a national trend) impedes the exit of Ukraine from depopulation and contributes to the trends of "low fertility-aging-depopulation".
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