Rozszerzenie wschodnie Unii Europejskiej w perspektywie ekonomicznej. Czy teoria endogenicznego wzrostu gospodarczego znajduje zastosowanie w transformacji Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej?

Abstrakt

Without institutional changes in the countries restructuring their political-economic and social system, it would be impossible to achieve a goal, which establishes an efficient and competitive economy. This policy requires not only the forming of financial markets and institutions, but also a deep reform of economic life. Therefore, the subject of this article are the clearly obvious transformation processes in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989, such as Ukraine after 2004. In the first part of this article, the author indicates the determinants of the transformation process in the Central and Eastern European countries, characterizing, e.g., such factors as the geopolitical location of a country, the achieved level of economic development before 1989, or the depth of the reforms and their social acceptance. However, it is the second part of the article which is its essence, as it presents how some of the elements of the transformation theory have affected different aspects of social, political and economic life of the country and at the same time allows exposure of a series of myths concerning transformation.