Features of cognitive disorders in patients with primary episodes of bipolar affective disorder

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2020.198667

Keywords:

bipolar affective disorder, primary episode, cognitive disorders

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the features of cognitive disorders in the primary episode of bipolar affective disorder, taking into account the gender factor and clinical variant.

Materials and methods. 153 patients with primary episode of bipolar affective disorder: with prevalence of depressive symptomatology (44 men and 75 women), with prevalence of manic symptoms (15 men and 8 women) and with simultaneous presence of depressive and manic symptomatology or with rapid or severe manic symptoms and 5 women) were examined using the Stroop test.

Results and discussion. In patients with the depressed primary episode variant, a general slowdown in the performance of all four subtests of the Stroop test was detected: reading time of the names of colors printed in black font (TNFb) in all patients 63.7±8.1 sec., in men 65.0±9.6 sec., in women 63.0±7.0 sec.; names of colors (NС) were respectively 96.6±9.2 sec, 96.5±9.1 sec and 96.6±9.3; reading time of color names where the font color is different from the word value (TNCd) – respectively 153.5±20.3 sec., 153.8±23.3 sec., 153.3±18.6 sec.; name of the word color where the font color is different from the word value (NCWd) – 62.6±7.9 sec., 63.8±9.3 sec. and 61.9±6.9 sec. In patients with a manic variant, the time to perform the Strup test is the smallest of all groups: TNFb – 44.3±4.0 sec., 44.5±4.1 sec. and 43.8±4.1 sec.; NC – 62.7±4.9 sec., 61.7±5.5 sec. and 64.6±3.2 sec.; TNCd – 116.2±9.5 sec., 118.0±10.5 sec. and 112.9±6.4 sec.; NCWd – 43.3±4.0 sec., 43.5±4.1 sec. and 42.8±4.1 sec, respectively. In patients with mixed variant indicators occupy an intermediate position: TNFb – 59,8±16,1 sec., 57,3±14,6 sec. and 62.8±19.0 sec.; NC – 79.1±10.1 sec., 76.5±10.3 sec. and 82.2±10.0 sec.; TNCd – 124.3±22.5 sec., 120.7±18.9 sec. and 128.6±27.7 sec.; NCWd – 58.5±15.7 sec., 56.2±14.3 sec. and 61.4±18.5 sec. in accordance. Gender differences in Stroop test performance are not significant.

Conclusions. The primary episode of BAD is characterized by the presence of cognitive impairment, the structure and expressiveness of which is determined by the clinical variant. In the depressive variant revealed the greatest overall slowdown in the execution of the Stroop test with a significant number of errors, with manic - deterioration of attention, behavioral inhibition and maximal impulse control when mixed - a marked slowdown in the performance of the Stroop test with a significant number of errors. Gender differences in cognitive impairment are insignificant

Author Biography

Yuriy Mysula, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ministry of Health of Ukraine Voli ave., 1, Ternopіl, Ukraine, 46001

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology

References

  1. Forty, L., Ulanova, A., Jones, L., Jones, I., Gordon-Smith, K., Fraser, C. et. al. (2014). Comorbid medical illness in bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 205 (6), 465–472. doi: http://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152249
  2. Crump, C., Sundquist, K., Winkleby, M. A., Sundquist, J. (2013). Comorbidities and mortality in bipolar disorder: a Swedish national cohort study. JAMA Psychiatry, 70 (9), 931–939. doi: http://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1394
  3. Hayes, J. F., Miles, J., Walters, K., King, M., Osborn, D. P. J. (2015). A systematic review and meta-analysis of premature mortality in bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 131 (6), 417–425. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12408
  4. Rowland, T. A., Marwaha, S. (2018). Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 8 (9), 251–269. doi: http://doi.org/10.1177/2045125318769235
  5. Baldessarini, R. J., Tondo, L., Visioli, C. (2013). First-episode types in bipolar disorder: predictive associations with later illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 129 (5), 383–392. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12204
  6. Faedda, G. L., Serra, G., Marangoni, C., Salvatore, P., Sani, G., Vázquez, G. H. et. al. (2014). Clinical risk factors for bipolar disorders: A systematic review of prospective studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 314–321. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.013
  7. Salvatore, P., Baldessarini, R. J., Khalsa, H.-M. K., Vázquez, G., Perez, J., Faedda, G. L. et. al. (2013). Antecedents of manic versus other first psychotic episodes in 263 bipolar I disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 129 (4), 275–285. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12170
  8. Sanches, M., Bauer, I. E., Galvez, J. F., Zunta-Soares, G. B., Soares, J. C. (2015). The Management of Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder. American Journal of Therapeutics, 22 (6), 477–486. doi: http://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0000000000000120
  9. Belvederi Murri, M., Respino, M., Proietti, L., Bugliani, M., Pereira, B., D’Amico, E. et. al. (2019). Cognitive impairment in late life bipolar disorder: Risk factors and clinical outcomes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 257, 166–172. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.052
  10. Zhu, Y., Womer, F. Y., Leng, H., Chang, M., Yin, Z., Wei, Y. et. al. (2019). The Relationship Between Cognitive Dysfunction and Symptom Dimensions Across Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 253. doi: http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00253
  11. Bonnín, C. M., Jiménez, E., Solé, B., Torrent, C., Radua, J., Reinares, M. et. al. (2019). Lifetime Psychotic Symptoms, Subthreshold Depression and Cognitive Impairment as Barriers to Functional Recovery in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8 (7), 1046. doi: http://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8071046
  12. Borges, S. Q., Corrêa, T. X., Trindade, I. O. A., Amorim, R. F. B., Toledo, M. A. de V. (2019). Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder Neuroprogression or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia? Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 13 (4), 475–480. doi: http://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-040016
  13. del Mar Bonnín, C., Reinares, M., Martínez-Arán, A., Jiménez, E., Sánchez-Moreno, J., Solé, B. et. al. (2019). Improving Functioning, Quality of Life, and Well-being in Patients With Bipolar Disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 22 (8), 467–477. doi: http://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz018
  14. Lima, I. M. M., Peckham, A. D., Johnson, S. L. (2018). Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 126–136. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.006
  15. Ratheesh, A., Lin, A., Nelson, B., Wood, S. J., Brewer, W., Betts, J. et. al. (2013). Neurocognitive functioning in the prodrome of mania– an exploratory study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147 (1-3), 441–445. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.017
  16. Nieto, R. G., Castellanos, F. X. (2011). A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Functioning in Patients with Early Onset Schizophrenia and Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40 (2), 266–280. doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.546049
  17. Lera-Miguel, S., Andrés-Perpiñá, S., Fatjó-Vilas, M., Fañanás, L., Lázaro, L. (2015). Two-year follow-up of treated adolescents with early-onset bipolar disorder: Changes in neurocognition. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 48–54. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.041
  18. Peters, A. T., Peckham, A. D., Stange, J. P., Sylvia, L. G., Hansen, N. S., Salcedo, S. et. al. (2014). Correlates of real world executive dysfunction in bipolar I disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 53, 87–93. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.018
  19. Kravariti, E., Schulze, K., Kane, F., Kalidindi, S., Bramon, E., Walshe, M. et. al. (2009). Stroop-test interference in bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194 (3), 285–286. doi: http://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.052639
  20. Strasser, E. S., Haffner, P., Fiebig, J., Quinlivan, E., Adli, M., Stamm, T. J. (2016). Behavioral measures and self-report of impulsivity in bipolar disorder: no association between Stroop test and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, 4 (16), 345–350. doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-016-0057-1
  21. Kronhaus, D. M., Lawrence, N. S., Williams, A. M., Frangou, S., Brammer, M. J., Williams, S. C. et. al. (2006). Stroop performance in bipolar disorder: further evidence for abnormalities in the ventral prefrontal cortex. Bipolar Disorders, 8 (1), 28–39. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00282.x

Downloads

Published

2020-04-01

How to Cite

Mysula, Y. (2020). Features of cognitive disorders in patients with primary episodes of bipolar affective disorder. ScienceRise: Medical Science, (2 (35), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4798.2020.198667

Issue

No. 2 (35) (2020)

Section

Medical Science

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Yuriy Mysula

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Our journal abides by the Creative Commons CC BY copyright rights and permissions for open access journals.

Authors, who are published in this journal, agree to the following conditions:

1. The authors reserve the right to authorship of the work and pass the first publication right of this work to the journal under the terms of a Creative Commons CC BY, which allows others to freely distribute the published research with the obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.

 2. The authors have the right to conclude separate supplement agreements that relate to non-exclusive work distribution in the form in which it has been published by the journal (for example, to upload the work to the online storage of the journal or publish it as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal is included.