Проблема трудової міграції в Україні. Її вплив на економіку країни.

Світлана Олександрівна Білоус-Сергєєва; Ксенія Сергіївна Сафонова

doi:10.31498/2225-6725.34.2017.129320

Authors

Світлана Олександрівна Білоус-Сергєєва Державний вищий навчальний заклад «Приазовський державний технічний університет», м. Маріуполь, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0430-0820
Ксенія Сергіївна Сафонова Державний вищий навчальний заклад «Приазовський державний технічний університет», м. Маріуполь, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6725.34.2017.129320

Keywords:

labor migration, economy of Ukraine, emigration.

Abstract

Against the backdrop of optimistic data on the growth in the number of vacancies and the relative stabilization of the labor market in 2017 by Ukrainian employers, the government awaits a new challenge: Ukrainian labor migration reaches a threatening scale. Today, the labor market is balanced. Despite the positive dynamics, the number of attractive vacancies is limited. The level of wages for a long time will not reach the 2013 indicators in dollar terms. And since it is still possible to find specialists of the same qualification in the market, but with different financial demands, employers take the opportunity not to raise their salaries. Тhe article considers the essence and current state of labor migration in Ukraine, the dynamics of emigration and immigration. The structure of migrant workers by gender, age group, level of education and employment were described. The geographic focus and level of participation of different regions of Ukraine in labor migration, revealed the reasons for this distribution were investigated. The article analyzed the current situation on the labor market and the reproduction of the labor force in Ukraine and abroad, the dynamics of unemployment and wage rates. The article analyzed dynamics of remittances from abroad and their distribution by country. The influence of remittances on the welfare of families and the economy was investigated. The article considers the comparative analysis of migration policy in Ukraine with international practice, including on repatriation of migrant workers. The measures for improving migration policy in Ukraine were proposed. The factors of influence on labor migration and its consequences were revealed. The features Ukrainian migration to the EU were disclosed in the current economic and political conditions. Made forecast of dynamics of the number of immigrants to the EU. It is established that the peculiarity of the development of the world economy of our era is its globalization, which manifests itself in the free transfer of capital, material and labor resources. International labor migration, the scale and intensity of which in these conditions is significant, carries out a redistribution of labor between countries, affecting the situation in the labor markets of each country, employment rate, unemployment, wages, income distribution. Given the adverse demographic situation, aging of the population, increasing life expectancy, and as a consequence of rising retirement spending, which negatively affects the budgets of industrialized countries, they will stimulate the attraction of immigrants, including from Ukraine. At the same time, the number of Ukrainians is also decreasing, and socio-economic conditions are forced to seek employment abroad. Thus, there is a problem of ensuring the Ukrainian labor market by highly skilled workers capable of developing business and promoting economic growth in Ukraine.

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