The morphological analysis of crystalline methadone: a novel combination of microscopy techniques

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.263556

Keywords:

methadone, birefringence, Michel-Levy birefringence colour chart, recrystallization methods, retardation, 3-D imaging, confocal microscopy, SEM, polarized light microscopy

Abstract

The aim: to evaluate combined microscopy techniques for determining the morphological and optical properties of methadone hydrochloride (MDN) crystals.

Materials and methods: MDN crystal formation was optimized using a closed container method and crystals were characterized using polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy (CM). SEM and CM were used to determine MDN crystal thickness and study its relationship with crystal retardation colours using the Michel-Levy Birefringence approach.

Results: Dimensions (mean±SD) of diamond shaped MDN crystals were confirmed using SEM and CM. Crystals were 46.4±15.2 Vs 32.0±8.3 µm long, 28.03±8.2 Vs 20.85±5.5 µm wide, and 6.62±2.9 Vs 9.6±4.6 µm thick, respectively. There were significant differences between SEM and CM thickness measurements (U=1283, p<0.05), as the SEM exhibited thinner diamond crystals. The combined use of PLM and Michel-Levy chart enabled the observation of a predominantly yellow coloured MDN crystal, mean thickness at (428 nm) mean retardation value.

Conclusion: The SEM was superior and successfully determined MDN crystal dimensions for the first time, whilst the CM results were affected by the Rhodamine dye staining process used for visualisation. The qualitative analysis of the crystallinity status of methadone hydrochloride optimally achieved using a combination of PLM and SEM techniques

Supporting Agency

  • Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq through an educational scholarship to Noor R.T. Al-Hasani

Author Biographies

Noor R. Al-Hasani, King’s College London; University of Baghdad

Assistant Professor in Clinical Pharmacy

Department of Pharmacy

Department of Basic Sciences

College of Dentistry

Paul G. Royall, King’s College London

Senior Lecturer in Pharmaceutics

Department of Pharmacy

Neil Rayment, King’s College London

Research Fellow

Department of Nutrition

Kim Wolff, King’s College London

Professor of Analytical, Forensic and Addiction Science

King’s Forensics

Department of Analytical Environmental & Forensic Science

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Published

2022-08-31

How to Cite

Al-Hasani, N. R., Royall, P. G., Rayment, N., & Wolff, K. (2022). The morphological analysis of crystalline methadone: a novel combination of microscopy techniques. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, (4 (38), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.263556

Issue

No. 4 (38) (2022)

Section

Pharmaceutical Science

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Copyright (c) 2022 Noor R. Al-Hasani, Paul G. Royall, Neil Rayment, Kim Wolff

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