Approaches to the application of artificial intelligence in educational activities

Abstract

The article provides a thorough analysis and systematization of key conceptual approaches to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into the educational and professional training of teachers in the natural and mathematical disciplines, namely future teachers of mathematics, physics, and computer science. The strategic necessity of transforming traditional didactic models is substantiated, driven by the rapid development of generative AI tools and the high level of their adoption in contemporary Ukrainian society. The study identifies three main approaches—instrumental, didactic, and competency-based (AI-TPACK)—as a theoretical foundation for the development of educational programs. Based on an analysis of domestic and international experience, examples of effective positive practices are presented, such as the use of chatbots to simulate typical student errors, while critical negative aspects are also outlined, including ethical dilemmas related to algorithmic bias, violations of academic integrity, and data protection issues.