Lviv Gothic of the 14th-15th Centuries: Formation of a Local Variant of Sacred Architecture in Eastern Territories of Europe

Abstract

Purpose of the research is to investigate the features of formation and development of Gothic architecture in Lviv during the 14th–15th centuries as a unique local variant of sacred construction in the eastern territories of Europe, which was formed at the intersection of Western European and local building traditions. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of architectural monuments using historical-comparative, typological, and structural-functional research methods. A detailed analysis of constructive, stylistic, and decorative features of Lviv's Gothic churches, particularly the Latin Cathedral and Armenian Cathedral, has been conducted, with emphasis on the specifics of building materials usage, structural solutions, and decorative finishing. The scientific novelty lies in identifying and systematising specific features of Lviv Gothic that emerged from the synthesis of Western European building traditions with local architectural forms and defensive requirements. For the first time, the peculiarities of local building materials usage and their influence on the formation of a regional variant of Gothic architecture have been comprehensively analysed. The specifics of the spatial organisation of churches, reflecting the complex process of adapting Western European liturgical requirements to local worship traditions, have been studied. Conclusions. Lviv Gothic of the 14th–15th centuries formed a distinctive variant of sacred architecture characterised by the combination of classical Gothic elements with defensive functions, the use of local building materials and techniques, and the synthesis of different cultural traditions. The characteristic features of Lviv Gothic include massive constructions, restrained decor, rational spatial solutions, and adaptation of Gothic forms to local conditions. The architectural school of Gothic Lviv created a unique style that later spread throughout Galicia and adjacent lands, demonstrating a successful example of adapting Western European architectural forms to local conditions and needs.