Analysis of the main problems of didactics in the pedagogy of Alexander Dukhnovych
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2019.174117Keywords:
didactics, principles of didactics of Alexander Dukhnovych, Dukhnovych’s pedagogy, person-oriented learningAbstract
On the basis of the analysis of «Folk Pedagogy ...» (1857) and other works of the outstanding Transcarpathian scholar Alexander Dukhnovych, the main conceptual principles, on which his pedagogy is based, are described in the article.
It is proved, that A. Dukhnovych substantiated the general foundations of pedagogy (defined its subject, indicated the purpose and task of education), separated and resolved the main problems of didactics (revealed the substance of the educational process, characterized the content of education, patterns, methods and principles of teaching), highlighted the role of teacher-educator (character, mission and responsibilities of teachers etc.).
It is stated, that in the understanding of A. Dukhnovych, which corresponds to the current level of psychological and pedagogical knowledge, teaching – is a kind of human activity that involves interaction, cooperation between teacher and student, so it consists of two processes: 1. a process of teaching (teacher's activity); 2. a process of learning (activity of a student, a group).
The main principles of teaching (a natural correspondence of education and upbringing, the principle of educational nature of schooling, use of visual methods, accessibility, the principle of a differentiated approach to learning, the principle of non-violence, the principle of scientific teaching, the principle of emotional learning, etc.) and didactic rules for their implementation, which found their reflection and substantiation in the heritage of A. Dukhnovych are closely analyzed.
Some aspects of pedagogical mastery of a teacher, who is obliged to know the leading didactic regulations and rules, are revealed.
It is demonstrated, that the essential core of A. Dukhnovych’s didactics is the principle of person-oriented learning – paying great attention to individual skills, abilities, and capabilities of children, to the development of their creative abilities and the formation of their worldview.
The discussion problem of deviations in child’s behavior and the issue of punishments in the understanding of Transcarpathian pedagogue-educator is described. It is proved, that in general, A. Dukhnovych favored the humanization of the educational process by refusing to use the principles of authoritarian pedagogy.
The conducted research confirms that the person-oriented approach together with the principle of natural correspondence are the most important elements of the pedagogy of A. Dukhnovych, and contains all basic structural components of the theory of learning
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