Anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanin extract on diabetic and hypertensive patients

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2023.272061

Keywords:

anthocyanin extract, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammatory response, C-reactive protein, oxidative stress

Abstract

Anthocyanins pigments are a major class of plant phenolic components, flavonoids‎. The distinctive purple or red colours of many fruits and vegetables are attributed to the presence of these flavonoids‎. They are highly water-soluble pigments and have been well known to possess general health-promoting characteristics.

The aim: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extract. It also looked at how the extract consumption affected people with hypertension and diabetes in terms of lowering blood pressure and blood glucose levels and in preventing their complications, including oxidative stress and inflammatory status.

Material and method: The subjects included in the study were hypertensive and diabetic patients divided into control and test groups. Total reactive oxygen species concentrations and C-reactive protein levels were used to assess the oxidative stress and inflammatory status before and after consuming anthocyanin extract for thirty days using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The results revealed that consumption of anthocyanin extracts for 30 days did not significantly lower blood pressure or blood glucose levels in comparison to the control group and also when compared with day zero values. However, quantitative analysis of the C-reactive protein levels for the inflammatory status and the overall oxidative stress levels measurements demonstrated a significant decline compared to both the control group (placebo) and baseline values (day zero).

Conclusion: The findings highlighted the prophylactic, as anti-inflammatory, rather than the curative effects of anthocyanin extracts in preventing or delaying the complications associated with various chronic conditions, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Author Biographies

Dhafir Qahtan Masheta, University of Babylon

PhD in Pharmacy/UK

College of Pharmacy

Shafq Kadhim Al-Azzawi, University of Babylon

PhD in Pharmacy/UK

College of Pharmacy

Sharara Fadhil Abbood, AL-Safwa University College

PhD in medicinal chemistry

Pharmacy Department

References

  1. Wangensteen, H., Bräunlich, M., Nikolic, V., Malterud, K. E., Slimestad, R., Barsett, H. (2014). Anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and total phenolics in four cultivars of aronia: Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. Journal of Functional Foods, 7, 746–752. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.006
  2. Chen, J., Xu, B., Sun, J., Jiang, X., Bai, W. (2021). Anthocyanin supplement as a dietary strategy in cancer prevention and management: A comprehensive review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62 (26), 7242–7254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1913092
  3. Norberto, S., Silva, S., Meireles, M., Faria, A., Pintado, M., Calhau, C. (2013). Blueberry anthocyanins in health promotion: A metabolic overview. Journal of Functional Foods, 5 (4), 1518–1528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.015
  4. Wallace, T. C., Giusti, M. M. (2015). Anthocyanins. Advances in Nutrition, 6 (5), 620–622. doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.009233
  5. Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P. Z. (1998). Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation. Diabetic Medicine, 15 (7), 539–553. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::aid-dia668>3.0.co;2-s
  6. Ghaffari, S., Roshanravan, N. (2020). The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. Food Research International, 128, 108749. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749
  7. Sproston, N. R., Ashworth, J. J. (2018). Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 9. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754
  8. Masheta, D. Q., Al-Azzawi, S. K. (2018). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Delphinidin on Glial Cells and Lack of Effect on Secretase Enzyme. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 454, 012061. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/454/1/012061
  9. Mauricio, D., Alonso, N., Gratacòs, M. (2020). Chronic Diabetes Complications: The Need to Move beyond Classical Concepts. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 31 (4), 287–295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.007
  10. Olas, B. (2020). Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics – A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21 (24), 9737. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249737
  11. Tena, N., Martín, J., Asuero, A. G. (2020). State of the Art of Anthocyanins: Antioxidant Activity, Sources, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Effect in Human Health. Antioxidants, 9 (5), 451. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050451
  12. Xie, L., Su, H., Sun, C., Zheng, X., Chen, W. (2018). Recent advances in understanding the anti-obesity activity of anthocyanins and their biosynthesis in microorganisms. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 72, 13–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.12.002
  13. Poulose, N., Raju, R. (2014). Aging and injury: alterations in cellular energetics and organ function. Aging and disease, 5 (2), 101–108. doi: https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2014.0500101
  14. Butkeviciute, A., Abukauskas, V., Janulis, V., Kviklys, D. (2022). Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Apples of the ‘Galaval’ Cultivar Grown on 17 Different Rootstocks. Antioxidants, 11 (2), 266. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020266
  15. Vinson, J. A., Su, X., Zubik, L., Bose, P. (2001). Phenol Antioxidant Quantity and Quality in Foods: Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (11), 5315–5321. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0009293
  16. Rahman, M. M., Ichiyanagi, T., Komiyama, T., Hatano, Y., Konishi, T. (2006). Superoxide radical- and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of anthocyanins; structure-activity relationship and their synergism. Free Radical Research, 40 (9), 993–1002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760600815322
  17. Speer, H., D’Cunha, N. M., Alexopoulos, N. I., McKune, A. J., Naumovski, N. (2020). Anthocyanins and Human Health – A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease. Antioxidants, 9 (5), 366. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050366
  18. Al-azzawi, S., Masheta, D., Kadhim, R. (2022). Evaluation of vitamin D-deficiency effects on the incidence of uterine fibroids. Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 49 (4), 323–329. doi: https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.051
  19. Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Pankow, J. S., Ballantyne, C. M., Couper, D., Vigo, A. et al. (2003). Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, 52 (7), 1799–1805. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1799
  20. Festa, A., D’Agostino, R., Tracy, R. P., Haffner, S. M. (2002). Elevated Levels of Acute-Phase Proteins and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Predict the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, 51 (4), 1131–1137. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1131
  21. Trayhurn, P., Beattie, J. H. (2001). Physiological role of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue as an endocrine and secretory organ. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 60 (3), 329–339. doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/pns200194
  22. Mahmoud, A. M., Hernández Bautista, R. J., Sandhu, M. A., Hussein, O. E. (2019). Beneficial Effects of Citrus Flavonoids on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 1–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5484138
  23. Rothenbacher, D., Brenner, H., März, W., Koenig, W. (2005). Adiponectin, risk of coronary heart disease and correlations with cardiovascular risk markers. European Heart Journal, 26 (16), 1640–1646. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi340
  24. Talib, W. H., Abuawad, A., Thiab, S., Alshweiat, A., Mahmod, A. I. (2022). Flavonoid-based nanomedicines to target tumor microenvironment. OpenNano, 8, 100081. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onano.2022.100081
Anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanin extract on diabetic and hypertensive patients

Downloads

Published

2023-04-30

How to Cite

Masheta, D. Q., Al-Azzawi, S. K., & Abbood, S. F. (2023). Anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanin extract on diabetic and hypertensive patients. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, (2(42), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2023.272061

Issue

No. 2(42) (2023)

Section

Pharmaceutical Science

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Dhafir Qahtan Masheta, Shafq Kadhim Al-Azzawi, Sharara Fadhil Abbood

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Our journal abides by the Creative Commons CC BY copyright rights and permissions for open access journals.