Preserving Cultural Heritage in Times of War: International Practices, Projects, and Digital Solutions

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to examine international practical experience in preserving cultural heritage and to identify mechanisms for its adaptation and implementation in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of theoretical research methods, in particular analysis and synthesis to systematise knowledge about alternative methods of cultural heritage preservation; comparative method to study international experience in cultural heritage preservation in conditions of armed conflict; generalisation to form conclusions about effective practices for its preservation. The scientific novelty lies in the systematisation of international practices for preserving cultural heritage, in particular mechanisms developed for conditions of military conflict, with a subsequent determination of the possibilities for their adaptation in Ukraine. The potential of digital technologies, including 3D modelling, virtual reconstructions, digital archives, in documenting, recording, and reproducing cultural heritage in conditions of military conflict has been substantiated. A set of innovative methods for creating virtual environments that combine scientific, technical, and artistic approaches for the preservation and further restoration of Ukraine’s cultural heritage has been identified. Conclusions. At the present stage, as a result of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, one of the approaches to preserving cultural heritage is the use of international mechanisms. Although the problem of preserving cultural heritage arises in many countries around the world, the approaches to solving it vary. The international community has developed a number of models for the protection of cultural heritage sites, including in the event of armed conflict, the practical experience of which can be adapted in Ukraine. Numerous projects have been developed and implemented, including those demonstrating the potential of 3D modelling, virtual reconstructions, digital archives, etc. for recording, reproducing, and promoting cultural heritage in conditions where there is a risk of its physical loss. Today, there is an accessible set of effective methods that combine scientific and technical innovations with artistic approaches to create virtual environments, including photography, 3D scanning, preparation of presentations, video materials. Their rational application, in accordance with available resources, not only ensures the preservation of cultural objects, but also creates a basis for further restoration, research, and international advocacy.