Урожайність і якість насіння гороху, нуту, сої за впливу забур’яненості, інокуляції та гербіциду

Abstract

The aim and tasks of the study. To determine the complex effect of inoculation of pea, chickpea and soybean seeds and different dates of application of herbicide Pulsar 40 on the yields and quality of seeds in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Materials and methods. The 2013–2015 study design was as follows: 1) crop (pea, chickpea, soybean); 2) seed treatment with agent Rizobophyte (no inoculation, inoculation); 3) protection against weeds (control; Pulsar 40, 0.8 L/ha before emergence; Pulsar 40, 0.8 L/ha after emergence).

Results and discussion. The crop yields depended on the meteorological conditions, weediness and inoculation of seeds. The greatest yields were obtained in 2015, when the average yield of pea, chickpea and soybean was 1.74, 1.90 and 1.57 t/ha, respectively. In control, the greatest yield was produced by chickpea, which showed greater competitiveness to weeds than pea and soybean. In general, pea and chickpea gave the highest yields after pre-emergence application of herbicide Pulsar 40, and soybean – after post-emergence application. Gains in the crop yields from inoculation were recorded in most of the experiments, and the highest gain (0.12 t/ha) was achieved in chickpea after pre-emergence application of Pulsar 40.

With pre-emergence application of Pulsar 40, an upward tendency in the domestic plant height was observed, and post-emergence application was associated with a decrease in the lowest pod height. Pea had the smallest numbers of productive nodes and pods per plant as well as the seed number and weight per plant and the one-plant weight; chickpea had the smallest numbers of pods per productive node and of seeds per pod; soybean had the lowest 1000-seed weight. A significant decrease in the 1000 seed weight was detected for pea and chickpea without inoculation and with post-emergence application of Pulsar 40.

The protein and fat contents in seeds considerably varied in the study years. They were the highest in soybean. There was a downward tendency in the protein content in pea seeds, when Pulsar 40 was applied during the growing season. The factors under investigation did not affect the fat content in seeds.

Conclusions. Herbicide Pulsar 40 is the most suitable for soybean. Post-emergence application of Pulsar40 in pea and chickpea crops without inoculation significantly reduced the 1000-seed weight. The greatest gain in the yield from seed inoculation with Rizobophyte was achieved in chickpea. There was no significant effect of the factors under investigation on the protein and fat contents in seeds.