Winter hardiness and freezing tolerance of cherry varieties in the southern steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2013.42006Keywords:
Cherry, variety, source of valuable traits, winter hardiness, resistance to spring frosts, yield capacityAbstract
Aim. Investigation of yield capacity and resistance to winter and spring unfavorable conditions in promising cherry varieties included in the State Register of plants qualified for growing inUkraine.
Methods, Source Material. The investigation was carried out in the plantations of the Melitopol experimental station of the Institute of Irrigating Horticulture nd. a. M. F. Sidorenko of NAAS in the Southern steppe of Ukraine according to Methods of State Variety Trials of Agricultural Plants for Suitability for Growing in Ukraine and Program of Methods of Variety Trials of Fruit, Berry and Nut Cultures in 2004–2010. The source material was three introduced varieties, 37 varieties of cherry/sweet cherry origin bred in theInstitute ofIrrigating Horticulture nd. a. M. F. Sidorenko of NAAS (15 of them are in the State register, 22 varieties are in competitive variety trials).
Results and Discussion. It was established that due to winter unfavorable conditions the number of winterkilled reproductive buds ranged from 8.0 % to 90.0 %, and affected flowers – from 27.2 % to 95.0 %. The data on tolerance of cherry varieties show that the number of winterkilled reproductive buds depends on the year conditions by 62.25 %, and the number of affected flowers – by 74.86 %. The contribution of variety peculiarities is 9.94 % and 8.10 %, respectively. Spring frosts at the end of April had more negative impact on the cherry yield capacity than winter unfavorable conditions: the recorded freezing-out of pistils varied from 1.3 % to 99.3 %. The number of frozen flowers due to spring frosts was found to be dependent on the weather conditions by 71.88 %, which is 16-fold greater than the contribution of genetic peculiarities of varieties – 4.41 %.
Conclusions. Winter hardiness and freezing tolerance of cherry varieties are not determinating factors of yield capacity; a level of agricultural technology and a complex of other genetic traits are of great importance.
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