Manifestation of morpho-physiological mutations in M1 and M2 sunflower generations as a result of gamma-ray and dimethyl sulfate action
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2016.74192Keywords:
mutation, chlorophyll chimera, sunflower, mutagen, dimethyl sulfate, gamma-rays, seeds, M1, M2, spectrum and frequency of mutationsAbstract
Chlorophyll chimeras and morpho-physiological abnormalities in M1 and M2 sunflower plants were identified and described. It was found that treatment of Helianthus annuus L. lines with gamma-rays or chemical mutagen dimethyl sulfate was effective to induce a wide spectrum and a high frequency of mutations.
The aim and tasks of the study. Examination and analysis of the spectrum and frequency of somatic mutations in M1 and M2 sunflower after action of chemical mutagen dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and gamma-rays.
Material and methods. The investigation was carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University nd. a VV Dokuchaev in 2014-2015. The test material was plant populations of M1 and M2 sunflower derived from seed treatment of 12 self-pollinated lines with gamma-rays (120 Gy and 150 Gy) and dimethyl sulfate (0.01% and 0.05%).
Results and discussion. The study of effects of two mutagens on the field germinability of M1 sunflower seeds revealed that gamma rays had a greater impact on the germinability compared with dimethyl sulfate. For example, the germinability of seeds treated with 0.01% or 0.05% DMS was 68-88%, which is quite normal for sunflower seeds, while the germinability of seeds gamma-irradiated at the dose of 120 Gy or 150 Gy was low (4-30%) with 95-96% in the control. The germinability of DMS-treated and gamma-irradiated seeds in M2 was high. The field germinability of test accession Kh808 was a slightly lower: after 0.01% DMS - 68%; after 0.05% DMS - 58%; and it was even lower in the physical mutagenesis experiments: after 120 Gy - 45%; after 150 Gy - 48%. Analysis of M1 showed that the overall frequency of morpho-physiological changes induced by gamma rays and DMS was high enough in all the test samples, indicating significant effects of mutagens on growth and development of mutant sunflower generation. Gamma-irradiated samples differed from DMS-treated ones by lower germinability and survival in M1.
In 2015, anumber of morpho-physiological mutations in M2 sunflower were distinguished and analyzed during the growing season. The overall frequency of morpho-physiological mutations in test samples treated with two concentrations of DMS was significantly lower (3-16%) than that in samples irradiated with gamma rays at the dose of 120 Gy or 150 Gy (20-61%).
Conclusions. We found a wide range of different mutations both in gamma-irradiated samples and DMS-treated ones. This range includes mutations of chlorophyll synthesis, calathidium pigmentation, shape and size, plant habitus, leaf venation, shape and number, and others.
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