Creation of starting material of high oleic sunflower resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides

Abstract

The results of studies for the period of 2012-2015 on creation of high oleic starting material resistant to granular herbicide  Express 75 from a working collection of parent forms of the Plant Production Institute nd. a VYa Yuryev NAAS are presented. The work was done by crossing parent forms, basing on combinations of positive features, namely sulfonylurea herbicide resistance gene and high oleic acid content.

The aim and tasks of the study. The purpose was to determine oleic and linoleic acid contents in different sunflower forms, to select biotypes with high oleic acid content and resistant to sulfonylurea herbicide, to create starting material for sunflower breeding for resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide and high oleic acid content.

Material and methods. The study material was fertile lines Kh 526 V and Kh 201 V from the working collection of the Laboratory of Sunflower Breeding and Genetics of the Plant Production Institute nd. a VYa Yuryev. Inbred lines and hybrids with high content of oleic acid triglycerides were created by conventional methods: analytical and heterosis sunflower breeding. Oil was prepared according to the modified Peisker method, and fatty acid composition of oil was analyzed by gas chromatography. The field experiments were carried out in accordance with the methodology for statistical processing of pesticide trial data. Herbicide phytotoxicity for sunflower plants was assessed by affection degree, using a rating scale.

Results and discussion. Plants were treated in the phase of 4-6 true leaves with post-emergence granular herbicide Express75 in 2012-2015. A three-liter hand sprayer was used. The dose was 25 g/ha, and the fluid consumption was300 L / ha. Surviving plants were inbred. In addition,  female form Kh 526 V and male form Kh 201 V were crossed on fertile basis with following individual election of  plants.

Accessions selected with the rating scale, according to the world literature, are supposed to have the resistance gene. Chromatography revealed several accessions with high content of oleic acid. Hereditary nature of high content of oleic acid triglycerides was experimentally confirmed and does not admit of doubt, trait is controlled by one partially dominant gene, or it is considered as fully dominant. Sunflower should have more than 82% of oleic acid omega-9 inoil (monounsaturated fatty acids) and low content of linoleic acid omega-6.

Conclusions. Over the study period, a possibility of combining high oleate content in sunflower oil with resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide, namely to granular Express 75 applied at the dose of25 g / ha, was experimentally confirmed.

The best way to create inbred lines with oleic oil in combination with herbicide resistance is hybridization of induced high oleic forms on fertile basis followed by inbreeding, backcrossing and individual selection of plants for a set of agricultural valuable traits.

Thus, the creation of starting material to resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides with high oleic acid content offers a significant advantage in sunflower cultivation, providing access to nutrients from soil for plants, and linoleate content opens new possibilities in industrial and food sectors