Expression and inheritance of breeding characters in variety×line, line×variety and interline F1 hemp hybrids of different eco-geographical types

Abstract

The relevance of creating hemp hybrids using self-pollinated lines and detecting heterotic effect in them was caused by a need for essentially new initial material of the crop, as well as for expanding its genetic basis and accelerating breeding process of creating varieties through obtaining homogeneous and stable populations as early as in the early stages.

The aim and tasks of the study. The goal and objectives of the research was (i) to detect the level of expression and the features of heritability (namely coefficients of dominance hp) for the major breeding characters in variety×line, line×variety and interline F₁ hemp hybrids; (ii) to prove the possibility of creating hybrids using self-pollinated lines expressing heterotic effect, which contain no cannabinoids and are stably monoecious.

Material and methods. Reciprocal crossing of varieties and self-pollinated lines have been carried out as follows: Hlukhivski 58 and Hlesiia, Hlesiia and Zolotoniski 15 resulted in 12 variety×line, line×variety and interline hybrids. F₁ hybrids have been assessed against the growing space of 30 by 5 cm according to their morphological, technological characteristics and seed productivity. Factors of dominance (hp) were determined by the formula (G.M. Beil and R.E. Atkins 1965).

Results and discussion. The characteristics under study in majority of F₁ hybrids have been inherited according to the super dominance type and showed variability within families of a crossing variation. Among the crosses within the Central-Russian eco-geographical type, the most valuable appeared to be interline hybrids, and within the Central-Russian and Southern type – variety×line and line×variety hybrids. When crossing distant genotypes it is advisable to use a variety of Central-Russian eco-geographical type and a self-pollinated line of the South type.

Conclusions. Proved is a possibility of creating variety×line, line×variety and interline hemp hybrids expressing heterotic effect, which contain no cannabinoids and are stably monoecious in order to expand the genetic basis of initial breeding material.