Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat accessions of different geographical origins by PCA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2022.260994Ключевые слова:
winter wheat, PCA, economically valuable traits, morphology, starting materialАннотация
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze expression of morphological and agronomic valuable traits in winter wheat in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to select valuable accessions; and to evaluate the winter wheat collection depending on the region of origin by PCA.
Materials and methods. The material for the research were 177 varieties of winter wheat of varieties from 20 countries, including 69 varieties of different research institutions of Ukraine. The collection included modern commercial varieties and breeding lines. Differentiation of samples was carried out on the following traits: field winter hardiness, earing date, plant height, field resistance to Septoria spp., waxiness of flag leaf, width of flag leaf, yield components (ear length, spikelet number, number of grains and their weight from ear) and thousand grains weight (TGW). The research was carried out by visual surveys in the field conditions in accordance with the recommendations and measurements of plant parts after bringing to an air-dry state.
Results and discussion.Significant variation was found for all studied traits, the coefficient of variation was more than 10%, which indicates a medium and high level of diversity of the studied samples. The analysis of genotype assessment using the principal components analysis method was performed and the differential traits by geographical origin was established – field winter hardiness, field resistance to Septoria spp. and the earing date. All the above-mentioned traits are adaptive traits and determine the prospects for the using of varieties in breeding programs as sources of valuable traits. It should be noted that the weather conditions of 2020-2021 vegetation year were atypical (excessive moisture in the spring − 135 mm).
Conclusions: The results of the study identified samples that can be used in crossing combinations of as a source of valuable traits. The 37 samples of different origin with high (above 8 points) field winter hardiness and 40 samples with high resistance to leaf septoria were identified. Varieties that combined high winter hardiness and resistance to Septoria − Bogdana and Podilska Nyva (Ukraine), breeding line 653.1.5 (Estonia), Augustina (Belarus), Duplet (Russia). Using the principal component analysis and the approach of visualization of its results (PCA biplot) is a convenient tool for sampling of different origins and creating a collection of source material.
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