Carboxylic acids in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L.

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.253541

Keywords:

carboxylic acids, GC-MS analysis, Veronica spicata L., Veronica incana L.

Abstract

In the Ukrainian flora, species of Veronica L. genus (Plantaginaceae Juss.) are classified into 8 sections. Among the representatives of Pseudolysimachion W. D. J. Koch section in the Kharkiv region, Veronica spicata L. (spike speedwell) and Veronica incana L. (Veronica spicata L. subsp. incana (L.) Walters, silver speedwell) are common. Plants are used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases, malignant neoplasms, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system disorders, diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the research was to study the carboxylic acids of flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L.

Materials and methods. The objects of the research were flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L., collected in the flowering stage in the Botanical Garden of Karazin University (Kharkiv, Ukraine) in summer 2018. The study of carboxylic acid composition was performed by chromatography-mass spectrometry on a 6890N MSD/DS Agilent Technologies chromatograph with a 5973N mass spectrometric detector. Identification of methyl esters of acids was performed using data from the mass spectrum libraries NIST 05 and Willey 2007 in a combination with programs for the identification of AMDIS and NIST; also, their retention time and the retention times of standard compounds were compared.

Results. In Veronica incana L. flowers, 37 carboxylic acids were identified and quantified, constituting 1.05 %. In Veronica spicata L. flowers, 32 carboxylic acids were identified and quantified, the total content of which was 2.75 %.

Conclusions. A higher carboxylic acid content was established in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. The fatty acid composition of Veronica incana L. flowers is characterized by a comparable content of saturated and unsaturated acids, while in Veronica spicata L. flowers, unsaturated fatty acids prevail over saturated fatty acids. The content of aromatic acids in the flowers of studied species was comparable. The characteristic carboxylic acids in the flowers of Veronica incana L. are oxalic, 3-hydroxy-2-methylglutaric, pentadecanoic, heneicosanoic, tricosanic,
4-hydroxybenzoic, 4-methoxybenzoic and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acids; in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. – 2-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, α-furanic and homovanillic acids

Supporting Agency

  • This work was supported by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine from the State Budget in the framework [grant number 2301020] “Scientific and scientific‐technical activity in the field of health protection” on the topic “Modern approaches to the creation of new medicines for a correction of metabolic syndrome”.

Author Biographies

Аlla Kovaleva, National University of Pharmacy

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor

Department of Pharmacognosy

Raal Ain, University of Tartu

PhD, Professor of Pharmacognosy

Faculty of Pharmacy

Institute of Pharmacy

Ilina Tetiana, National University of Pharmacy

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor

Department of Pharmacognosy

Alina Osmachko, National University of Pharmacy

PhD, Assistant

Department of Pharmacognosy

Olga Goryacha, National University of Pharmacy

PhD, Assistant

Department of Pharmacognosy

Ludmila Omelyanchik, Zaporizhzhia National University

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Dean

Oleh Koshovyi, National University of Pharmacy

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department

Department of Pharmacognosy

References

  1. Elenevskiy, A. G. (1978). Sistematika i geografiya veronik SSSR i prilezhaschih stran. Moscow: Nauka, 259.
  2. Mosyakin, S. L., Fedoronchuk, M. M. (1999). Sosudistyie rasteniya Ukrainyi: Nomenklaturnyiy perechen. Kyiv: M. G. Institut botaniki im. Holodnogo, 345.
  3. Elenevskiy, A. G. (1968). Zametki o veronikah sektsii Pseudolysimachia C. Koch. Biologicheskie nauki, 11, 65–69.
  4. Elenevskiy, A. G. (1971). K sistematike Veronica spicata L. s. 1. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshyh Rasteniy, 8, 215–227.
  5. Kotov, M. I. (1960). Flora URSR. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo akademiyi nauk URSR, 612.
  6. Salehi, B., Shivaprasad Shetty, M., V. Anil Kumar, N., Živković, J., Calina, D., Oana Docea, A. et. al. (2019). Veronica Plants – Drifting from Farm to Traditional Healing, Food Application, and Phytopharmacology. Molecules, 24 (13), 2454. doi: http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132454
  7. Albach, D. C., Jensen, S. R., Özgökce, F., Grayer, R. J. (2005). Veronica: Chemical characters for the support of phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33 (11), 1087–1106. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.06.002
  8. Jensen, S. R., Albach, D. C., Ohno, T., Grayer, R. J. (2005). Veronica: Iridoids and cornoside as chemosystematic markers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33 (10), 1031–1047. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.03.001
  9. Taskova, R., Peev, D., Handjieva, N. (2002). Iridoid glucosides of the genus Veronica s.l. and their systematic significance. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 231 (1-4), 1–17. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s006060200008
  10. Taskova, R. M., Albach, D. C., Grayer, R. J. (2004). Phylogeny ofVeronica‐ a Combination of Molecular and Chemical Evidence. Plant Biology, 6 (6), 673–682. doi: http://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-830330
  11. Witkowska-Banaszczak, E., Durkiewicz, M., Bylka, W. (2017). Rodzaj Veronica L. – działanie, zastosowanie, stan badań. Postępy Fitoterapii, 18, 71–77.
  12. Dunkić, V., Kosalec, I., Kosir, I., Potocnik, T., Cerenak, A., Koncic, M. et. al. (2015). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Veronica spicata L. (Plantaginaceae). Current Drug Targets, 16 (14), 1660–1670. doi: http://doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150531161820
  13. Broda, B., Jaroniewski, W., Swiatek, L. (1960). O występowaniu kwasu kawowego w niektórych roślinach leczniczych. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 17, 301–306.
  14. Danilova, N. S., Poskachina, E. R., Voronov, I. V., Semenova, V. V. (2016). Soderzhanie lyuteolin-7-glyukozida v nadzemnoy chasti Veronica incana (Scrophulariaceae) v Tsentralnoy Yakutii. Rastitelnye Resursy, 52, 405–413.
  15. Gusev, N. F., Nemereshina, O. N. (2005). K issledovaniyu flavonoidov Veronica incana L. stepnogo Preduralya. Vestnik OGU, 12, 96–99.
  16. Voronov, I. V., Poskachina, E. R., Danilova, N. S., Semenova, V. V. (2016). Resursnyiy potentsial po lyuteolin-7-glyukozidu Veronica incana (scrophulariaceae) v Tsentralnoy Yakutii. Nauchnyiy zhurnal KubGAU, 120, 1364–1377.
  17. Popović, Z., Smiljanić, M., Kostić, M., Nikić, P., Janković, S. (2014). Wild flora and its usage in traditional phytotherapy (Deliblato Sands, Serbia, South East Europe). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 13, 9–35.
  18. Gusev, N. F., Nemereshina, O. N. (2005). Antibakterialnoe issledovanie preparatov iz vidov Veronica L. Preduralya. Ekogolizatsiya prirodopolzovaniya v APK. Selskohozyaystvennyie nauki, 4, 43–47.
  19. Harput, U. S., Saracoglu, I., Inoue, M., Ogihara, Y. (2002). Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Five Veronica Species. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25 (4), 483–486. doi: http://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.483
  20. Naimushina, L. V., Zykova, I. D. (2015). Issledovanie osnovnyih klassov biologicheski aktivnyih veschestv veroniki koloskovoy (Veronica spicata L.), proizrastayuschey v nizhnem Priangare. Bulletin of KrasGAU, 6, 123–129.
  21. Chemposov, V. V., Uvarov, D. M., Chirikova, N. K. (2021). Veronika sedaya (Veronica incana L.): himicheskiy sostav i primenenie. Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki, 5 (156), 148–153.
  22. Arslan, Y., Hacioğlu, B. T. (2018). Seed fatty acid compositions and chemotaxonomy of wild safflower (Carthamus L., Asteraceae) species in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42, 45–54. doi: http://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1708-68
  23. Mongrand, S., Badoc, A., Patouille, B., Lacomblez, C., Chavent, M., Bessoule, J.-J. (2005). Chemotaxonomy of the Rubiaceae family based on leaf fatty acid composition. Phytochemistry, 66 (5), 549–559. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.021
  24. Lemma, B., Grehl, C., Zech, M., Mekonnen, B., Zech, W., Nemomissa, S. et al. (2019). Phenolic Compounds as Unambiguous Chemical Markers for the Identification of Keystone Plant Species in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. Plants, 8 (7), 228. doi: http://doi.org/10.3390/plants8070228
  25. Albach, D. C., Grayer, R. J., Kite, G. C., Jensen, S. R. (2005). Veronica: Acylated flavone glycosides as chemosystematic markers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33 (11), 1167–1177. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.01.010
  26. Osmachko, A., Kovalyova, A., Koshovyy, O., Goryachaya, O. (2013). Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Studies of Organic Acids of Veronica longifolia L. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2, 42–46.
  27. Kotov, M. I., Prokudin, Yu. N., Barbarich, A. I. et. al. (1999). Opredelitel Vyisshih Rasteniy Ukrainyi. Kyiv: Fitosotsiotsentr, 548.
  28. Ilina, T. V., Goryacha, O. V., Kovalyova, A. M., Koshovyi, O. M. (2017). Carboxylic acids and amino acids of Galium pseudomollugo herb. Der Pharma Chemica, 9 (11), 91–94.
  29. Koshovyi, O., Raal, A., Kireyev, I., Tryshchuk, N., Ilina, T., Romanenko, Y. et. al. (2021). Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Modified Dry Extracts. Plants, 10 (2), 230. doi: http://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020230
  30. Krivoruchko, E., Markin, A., Samoilova, V.A., Ilina, T., Koshovyi, O. (2018). Research in the chemical composition of the bark of sorbus aucuparia. Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 67 (3), 113–115.
  31. Kovalyova, A. M., Ilina, T. V., Osmachko, A. P., Koshovyi, O. M., Grudko, I. V. (2020). Carboxylic Acids from Herbs of Veronica austriaca, V. cuneifolia, and V. armena. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 56 (6), 1111–1113. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-020-03238-1
  32. Krivoruchko, E., Kanaan, H., Samoilova, V., Ilyina, T., Koshovyi, O. (2017). Carboxylic acids from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Padina pavonica. Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 66, 287–289.
  33. Derzhavna Farmakopeia Ukrainy. Vol. 3 (2018). Kharkiv: Derzhavne pidpryiemstvo «Ukrainskyi naukovyi farmakopeinyi tsentr yakosti likarskykh zasobiv», 416.
  34. Bondarenko, V. H., Kanivska, I. Y., Paramonova, S. M. (2006). Teoriia ymovirnostei i matematychna statystyka. Kyiv: NTUU "KPI", 125.
  35. Zagayko, A. L., Kolisnyk, T. Y., Chumak, O. I., Ruban, O. A., Koshovyi, O. M. (2018). Evaluation of anti-obesity and lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves powder extract in a hamster model. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 29 (6), 697–703. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0161
  36. Pankaj, G. J, Sanjay, J. S. (2016). Isolation, characterization and hypolipidemic activity of ferulic acid in high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia in laboratory rats. EXCLI Journal, 15, 599–613. doi: http://doi.org/10.17179/excli2016-394
  37. Ilina, T., Skowrońska, W., Kashpur, N., Granica, S., Bazylko, A., Kovalyova, A., Koshovyi, O. (2020). Immunomodulatory Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Infusions from Cleavers Herb. Molecules, 25 (16), 3721. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163721
  38. Choi, R., Kim, B. H., Naowaboot, J., Lee, M. Y., Hyun, M. R., Cho, E. J. et. al. (2011). Effects of ferulic acid on diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 43 (12), 676–683. doi: http://doi.org/10.3858/emm.2011.43.12.078
  39. Hsu, C.-L., Yen, G.-C. (2008). Phenolic compounds: Evidence for inhibitory effects against obesity and their underlying molecular signaling mechanisms. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 52 (1), 53–61. doi: http://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700393

Downloads

Published

2022-02-28

How to Cite

Kovaleva А., Ain, R., Tetiana, I., Osmachko, A., Goryacha, O., Omelyanchik, L., & Koshovyi, O. (2022). Carboxylic acids in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, (1(35), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.253541

Issue

No. 1(35) (2022)

Section

Pharmaceutical Science

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Аlla Kovaleva, Raal Ain, Ilina Tetiana, Alina Osmachko, Olga Goryacha, Ludmila Omelyanchik, Oleh Koshovyi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Our journal abides by the Creative Commons CC BY copyright rights and permissions for open access journals.