Professional features of people, who ruled public affairs: property of the political and legal thought

Abstract

The state is complicated organization, that's why people, who ruled public affairs must be professional managers. Anybody can be a politician in democratic society. Modern politician can got power if he is able to convince people that he does their life better. Also politician should has much money to information company about his program concerning develop of state. There are big difference between theoretical ideas and practical realization in the Ukraine. Sometimes politicians don't want to realization their programs; sometimes they don't can do it. It depends on their personality features. This problem is very actually for Ukraine. The author is looking for answers in publications of different philosophies. They are studied issues about clever rulers, professional managers, and responsible politicians when first states were created. In this article are analyzed the ideas philosophies such as Kautilya, Мo Tzu, Xun-zi, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Spinoza, Winstanley, Orzechowski-Roksolanyn, Lipinskiy. At firs the author is referred to ancient Indian treatise about politics – "The Arthashastra" by the names Kautilya. In his opinion, leadership should birth in a noble family, has good fortune, intellect, association with elders, being righteous, truthful, enthusiastic and disciplined, not breaking his promises, showing gratitude to those who help him, has desire to learn, listening to others. Kautilya insists that only leadership with these qualities is basis of correct politics. Chinese philosopher Mo Tzu one of the first in China put forward the idea that public positions should take only talented people. He encouraged the development of intellectual abilities of people who can give benefit for all community. From his point of view, only capable and worthy people should rule state. The power should not pass into the hands of incapable people just because they are relative of person, who has power. Another Chinese philosopher Xun Zi wright, that governance should following these rules: the wise and able people to nominate for public office, lazy and unable people fired from office; thieves should be punished, ordinary people need to educate. Plato – philosopher from Greece describes an ideal system and notes that each should have only one work which he can do the best, because he has natural abilities. He can does it during all his life and doesn't distract to anything else. The ruler should be a philosopher, who learns, develops and reaches a certain moral level. Assistants of leader must be people, who want to provide interests of state. Greece philosopher Aristotle says that those who plan to occupy positions in government should necessarily have three main features: to support the existing political system, to have a great ability to perform the duties correspond to their position, to be moral and fair person. Italian Machiavelli special attention devoted qualities of ruler. Politician must be thrifty, sometimes cruel to some people that big part of society can live safely. Also ruler must be like lion and fox that scares wolfs and can avoids traps. Dutch philosopher Spinoza insisted that politicians often create difficulties for people than taking care of them, so they are often sly than wise people. All relation in society must be regulated on the basis of laws. English philosopher Winstanley says that state people should be clever, fulfill current legislation, and not put their will above rules liberty and not demand prerogatives for themselves. One of the conditions their effective activities are making choices every year, because if they were ruler long time, than they can lose their integrity and attention to citizens and think more about their welfare. Ukrainian philosopher Orzechowski-Roksolanyn wrought that the ruler should be an example for all other citizens. Life of ruler is not personal or private, it is public, that's why he must demonstrate the principles of justice, fairness, peace and only in that case expect and demand it from members of society. Another Ukrainian philosopher Lipinskiy thought that manage public affairs must the best people, who have financial power and moral authority in society. One of the most important conditions is their desire to organize social life, to lead others, who are less active. Almost all philosophies wrought that rulers for effective manage develop of country must have wisdom, knowledge and education. Anybody shouldn't have power. Thinkers separate rules of selection professional managers for effective develop of state. 1. It must be people, who are wise, have corresponding knowledge and can it realize. 2. They can fulfill the duties of state employee. 3. The society has to choose person, who often learn and develop. 4. The politicians, who protected interests of state and all society, must have preference electorate. 5. It has to be people, who following to law and they are example for other citizens. 6. The power in society can have only responsible person. 7. Besides, people, who manage other people obligatory, should be steady and satisfied with their own life. So, people, who ruled public affairs must have features such as: wisdom, diligence, knowledge, justice, follow to law, responsibility, and steadiness. The responsible ruler gathers for manage state such people. Much useful ideas and advices for improve modern political situation are in political and legal thought.