Antimicrobial activity of the substances received from raw materials of Lamiaceae and cCucurbitaceae family plants.

Abstract

Introduction. The search of new sources of raw materials for medicine creation is one of the pharmacy priorities. In this, our attention was drawn by the plants which are widely cultivated in Ukraine and have a sufficient source of raw materials. It is summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and sowing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) of Cucurbitaceae family  and also peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) of two sorts “Chernolistaya” and “Zgadka” of Lamiaceae family. However the drugs with antimicrobial action derived from the leaves of these plants in the market of Ukraine are absent. Spirit, lipophilic and polysaccharidic fractions were received from the leaves of sowing cucumber, summer squash and two sorts of peppermint by us. Antimicrobial activity studying of the received substances derived from the studied raw materials for expansion of the medicine range is promising. The relevance of researches is that getting for the first time due to complex raw material processing the lipophilic, spirit and polysaccharidic fractions of leaves of a sowing cucumber, summer squash and two sorts of peppermint “Chernolistnaya” and “Zgadka” are systemically studied on existence of antimicrobic activity. The purpose of our research is the studying of antimicrobial activity of getting substances derived from the leaves of sowing cucumber, summer squash and two sorts of peppermint “Chernolistnaya” and “Zgadka”. Materials and methods. Raw materials for substances are the leaves of a sowing cucumber prepared in June, 2015 in the Kharkiv region, the village Selection, in the conditions of industrial cultivation (the selection station of Institute of vegetable-growing and melon-growing of UAAN). The leaves of summer squash were being prepared also in June, 2015 in Valkovsky district of the Kharkiv region, the settlement Dobropolye. The leaves of peppermint of “Chernolistnaya” and “Zgadka” sort were prepared on the industrial squares of Dnipropetrovsk region, Sofiyevskiy district, the settlement Ordo-Vasilyevka. Lipophilic fractions were received in Sokslet's device. As an extractant, chloroform was used. From the received extraction the extractant was being deleted in vacuum. Lipophilic fraction represented viscous substances of black-green color with typical fragrant. For receiving spirit fractions derived from solvent cake after receiving the lipophilic fractions it was used a method of fractional maceration at the general ratio raw materials-extractant 1:15, as an extractant was 50% ethyl alcohol. Extraction was carried out three times. The integrated extracts were concentrated in vacuum. After a full removal of an extractant and drying, it had been received the hygroscopic powders of green-brown color with specific tastes and smells.  From the solvent cake which was remained after receiving lipophilic and spirit fractions polysaccharidic fractions representing water-soluble polysaccharides were evolved. They were friable powders of light gray color.

The lipophilic fraction of sowing cucumber leaves, lipophilic fraction of summer squash leaves, lipophilic fraction of peppermint leaves of “Chernolistnaya” sort, lipophilic fraction of peppermint leaves of “Zgadka” sort, spirit fraction of cucumber leaves, spirit fraction of summer squash leaves, spirit fraction of peppermint leaves of "Chernolistnaya" sort, spirit fraction of peppermint leaves of Zgadka sort, polysaccharidic fraction of cucumber leaves, polysaccharidic fraction of summer squash leaves were being studied. Test of antimicrobial effect of substances was carried out by method of serial dilution concerning the following six reference test cultures: Staphylococcus aureus of ATCC 6538-P, Candida albicans of ATCC 885-653, Escherichia coli of ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis of ATCC 6833, Bacillus cereus of ATCC 10702, Pseudomonas aeruginosa of ATCC 9027, according to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine of 1 edition, in the Department of microbiology and immunology of KMAPQE.

Results and discussion. The obtained data demonstrate that the widest range of antimicrobial activity was shown by SSL, ChPL and SPZ in the ratio of E. сoli, C. аlbicans and P. аeruginosa.  Thus, SSL, ChPL, SC and SPZ had a bactericidal activity in dilution 1:10 and 1:100 concerning P. аeruginosa and E. coli. PZL - concerning P. аeruginosa. SSL, SC, SSS, ChPL, PZL, SPCh and SPZ have antimycotic activity concerning C. albicans. Concerning E. сoli it was revealed that SSL, ChPL, SPZ had bactericidal activity, and concerning P. аeruginosa and C. albicans SC, ChPL, PZL, SPZ had it in dilution 1:10 and 1:100. Among the polysaccharidic fractions the antimicrobic activity was revealed only for PC in both dilution concerning B.cereus. As for S. aureus and B. subtilis, bacteria of these strains were resistant to all studied fractions. Conclusions. Antimicrobial activity of a number of substances of sowing cucumber leaves, summer squash and two sorts of peppermint “Chernolistnaya” and “Zgadka” is studied. Lipophilic fractions of raw materials (except CL) have an antimycotic activity concerning C. albicans. Among all the polysaccharidic fractions only PC have antimicrobial action concerning B. cereus.  Strains of bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis are resistant to both dilutions of all studied substances.