Diseases of the anorectal zone: hemorrhoids
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15011741Keywords:
hemorrhoids, human, treatmentAbstract
The article provides data on diseases of the anorectal zone, in particular hemorrhoids. The etiology, pathogenesis and methods of hemorrhoid treatment are described. The most common method of treating internal hemorrhoids is the use of suppositories. Rectal suppositories for the treatment of hemorrhoids include local anesthetics, corticosteroids, vasoconstrictors, antiseptics, keratolytics, protective agents (such as mineral oils and cocoa butter), astringents (substances that cause coagulation) and other ingredients. A study of the range of medicinal products for rectal use by type of dosage form in Ukraine indicates that it consists of ointments, creams and suppositories, suppositories prevail - 55.9% and ointments - 35.3%, creams occupy 8.8%. A comparison of the range of drugs for rectal use used to treat hemorrhoids allows us to state that the Ukrainian market is dominated by pharmaceutical products of foreign production - 61.7%, of which 29.4% of the range belongs to suppositories, 23.5% to ointments, and only 8.8% to creams. The main part of the range of products for rectal use of domestic manufacturers is occupied by suppositories - 26.5% and ointments - 11.8%. In the State Institution "Immunology and Microbiology of the NAMS" of Ukraine, suppositories containing 5% hop essential oil and diclofenac sodium have been created for the treatment of diseases of the anorectal zone. According to the literature, biologically active substances of hops, including essential oil, exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, sedative, membrane-stabilizing effects. The antibacterial activity of various hop fractions, mainly against gram-positive bacteria, has been known for many years and is well documented. A significant amount of research mainly indicates a high antibacterial potential against gram-positive bacteria, whether it is hop extracts rich in prenylated cylphloroglucins and chalcones, or hop essential oil. To increase the anti-inflammatory effect of hop essential oil, diclofenac sodium was introduced into the composition of the excipients of the drug. The introduction of diclofenac sodium is due to the synergism between NSAIDs and biologically active substances of hop essential oil. Experimental studies have shown that combined suppositories containing hop essential oil and diclofenac sodium exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and membrane-stabilizing effects, i.e. their use for the treatment of diseases of the anorectal zone is pathogenetically justified.
Keywords: hemorrhoids, human, treatment
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