Laboratory germinability and germination energy of spelt grain depending on fertilization and storage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2021.237135Keywords:
spelt, germinability, germination energy, fertilization, storageAbstract
Spelt is a promising crop for processing, as valuable micronutrients are evenly distributed in its grain, while in modern wheat bread varieties they are concentrated in the hull, aleurone layer and germ. Its proteins contain more gliadins and fewer glutenins, making gluten weak, but better digestible in the human body.
Purpose and objectives: to assess the germinability and germination energy of spelt depending on the types, doses and timing of nitrogen fertilization and storage period.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Evaluation of Grain and Grain Product Quality of the Chair of Grain Storage and Processing Technologies of Uman National University of Horticulture. We studied winter spelt variety Yevropa created by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. with Triticum spelta L. Fertilizers were ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, granular superphosphate, and potassium chloride.
Results and discussion. The study found that before storage the germination energy of grain was 87–90% depending on fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizers significantly increased this indicator. When grain was stored for 30 and 90 days, the germination energy was the highest and amounted to 98–99%. Longer storage significantly decreased this parameter. It was the lowest after P60K60 application: 95%, 92% and 87% when grain was stored for 180, 270 and 360 days, respectively.
Before and after 30- and 90-days storage of spelt grain, this parameter amounted to 99% and regardless of fertilizers. The lowest laboratory germinability was observed after 1-year storage of grain (81–84% depending on fertilizers). This indicator was the highest with P60 + N120, amounting to 84%, and the lowest without fertilizers or with N60S70 + N60.
Conclusions. The germination energy of spelt grain was found to be the highest after 30- to 180-day storage (96-99%). This indicator was most affected by nitrogen fertilizers. After 360-day storage, the germination energy reduced to 87–91% depending on the type and timing of nitrogen fertilization. The laboratory germinability of spelt grain of 97–99% maintained from harvesting to storage day 180. When spelt grain was stored in sealed containers without temperature control, this indicator gradually decreased to 81–84% for 360 days of storage, depending on fertilizers
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