Biometric indicators of lines - parents of maize hybrids of different FAO groups depending on biological treatment on irrigation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2021.237140Keywords:
maize, parental component, plant height, height of upper (productive cob), yieldAbstract
Purpose and objectives. Our purpose was to determine biometric indicators and seed yields of parents of modern domestic maize hybrids belonging to different ripeness groups, grown at various plant densities on drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe and treated with biologicals; to evaluate the relationships between the plant height and the attachment height of the upper (productive) cob with the seed yield in the lines - parents of hybrids.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the experimental field the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS located in the area of Inhuletkyi irrigation system in 2018–2020. The soil in the experimental site is dark-chestnut, medium loamy, slightly alkalinized, with deep groundwater levels.
The design of a three-factor experiment was randomized split blocks, in quadruplicate. The sown plot area was 30.0 m2; the record area was 20.0 m2.
Factor A – lines-parents of different ripeness groups: DK 445 (parent of hybrids Arabat, Vira, Hileia), DK 411 (parent of hybrids Chonhar, Lamasan), DK 281 (parent of hybrid Stepovyi), and DK 247 (parent of hybrid Skadovskyi). Factor B – plant density of the parents (70,000, 80,000 and 90,000 plants/ha). Factor C – treatment of the parents with biologicals: Bio-gel and Helafit combi, which are in the Permitted Pesticide Register.
Results and discussion. Biometric indicators and seed yield of parental components of modern domestic maize hybrids of different maturity groups, at different plant densities and treatment with biological products on drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe have been established. The relationship between plant height and the height of attachment of the upper (productive) cob with the seed yield of the lines of the parent components of hybrids was determined. Studies have shown that treatment of maize plants with biological products has a positive effect on plant height, height of attachment of the cob and the yield of the parent forms of maize hybrids. Early-maturing line DK 281 (FAO 190) showed the maximum yield at densities of 90 thousand g/ha and treatment with the drug Helafit combi – 3.65 t/ha. The middle-early line DK 247 (FAO 290) showed the maximum yield at densities of 80 thousand g/ha and treatment with Helafit combi – 4.65 t/ha. Mid-late lines DK 445 and DK 411 showed the maximum yield at densities of 70 thousand g/ha and treatment with Helafit combi – 6.30 t/ha and 4.65 t/ha, respectively.
Conclusions. Biometric indicators and seed yields of parents of modern domestic maize hybrids of different ripeness groups grown at various plant densities on drip irrigation in the Southern Steppe and treated with biologicals have been determined. The relationships between the plant height and the attachment height of the upper (productive) cob with the seed yields in the lines -parents of hybrids have been established
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