Breeding assessment of inbred sunflower lines by a set of economic traits and resistance to Orobanche cumana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2025.347588Keywords:
sunflower, inbred lines, Orobanche cumana, resistance to broomrape, haustoria, productivity, PCA (principal component analysis), breeding valueAbstract
Our purpose was to comprehensively evaluate inbred sunflower lines for morphological and productive traits and resistance to Orobanche cumana Wallr. under laboratory infection and, on this basis, to identify valuable sources for breeding. The study included laboratory screening for resistance to O. cumana (proportions of affected plants and uninfected plants, number of nodules), field assessments of morphometric and productive parameters, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) to describe the structure of phenotypic variability. The results of the study revealed significant variability of inbred lines in major economically valuable and adaptive traits. Based on the laboratory assessments, we identified three types of plant response to O. cumana: complete susceptibility, quantitative (partial) resistance, and low-intensity damage, which may indicate polygenic mechanisms of suppression of the parasite's development. No lines with a qualitative (vertical) type of resistance, which is intrinsic to Or genes, were found. Biplot analysis demonstrated spatial differentiation of genotypes and independence of productivity from resistance parameters. Lines SD-038V, SD-029V, and SD-049V were recognized as the most promising sources of quantitative resistance, while lines SD-017V, SD-048V, SD-057V, and SD-02V contained individual resistant plants, indicating the feasibility of intra-line selection. High-yielding genotypes (SD-047V, SD-014V, SD-029V) were identified as potential donors of productivity. Our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of inbred sunflower lines and allowed us to detect sources of valuable breeding traits, in particular quantitative resistance to O. cumana. The results can be used in current breeding programs to create high-yielding and more resistant sunflower hybrids.
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