Composition, chemotypes and sub-chemotypes of essential oils from Coriandrum vulgare and Carum carvi fruits cultivated in different countries

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2025.341811

Keywords:

Coriandrum sativum, Carum carvi, essential oil, component composition, chemotypes, sub-chemotypes

Abstract

Coriandrum sativum L. and Carum carvi L. of the Apiaceae family are among the most cultivated plants, as they have been used for a long time as spices and essential oil (EO) bearing plants.

The aim. The aim from of this work is to examine the composition of EOs from commercial samples of C. sativum originating from 6 countries and C. carvi EOs from 2 countries, to establish the variability of the content of their components and to identify possible chemotypes of this species.

Materials and methods. The EOs were hydrodistilled from the dried fruits of C. carvi and C. sativum, and their chemical composition was determined using GC/MS. Samples were obtained from retail pharmacies in 6 different countries.

Research results. In the samples of coriander EOs, 50 compounds were detected. The dominant group of compounds is acyclic monoterpenoids, ranging from 67.3% (Turkey) to 84.2% (Czech Republic). The dominant component is linalool (61.6% – 77.9%). According to the content of the dominant major and minor components, it has been established for the first time that the studied samples of linalool-chemotypes can be divided into several sub-chemotypes. It has been noted for the first time that phenolic monoterpenoids were found in samples from subtropical and tropical countries. There is a strong negative correlation between the content of linalool and α-pinene (-0.891); linalool and γ-terpinene (-0.895). In the samples of C. carvi EOs, 28 compounds were detected. Both studied samples of caraway fruits contain the maximum amount of carvone (54.6% – 66.8%), followed by the content of limonene (19.9% – 30.1%). The EO of the caraway studied samples consists almost entirely of monocyclic monoterpenoids.

Conclusions. The results of our study of coriander fruits essential oil from six countries allowed us to establish its linalool chemotype, which is divided into five subtypes depending on the secondary compounds, that is novelty for research on possible chemotypes of coriander fruit essential oil. The studied samples of coriander fruits EO do not fully comply with the requirements of the ISO 3516:1997 standard; the content of linalool (Turkey) is slightly below the lower limit in accordance with the requirements. The studied samples of caraway EO slightly exceed the limits of the content of the dominant component carvone (Georgia) and contain significantly less limonene (India) in accordance with the requirements of the ISO 8896-2016 standard

Supporting Agency

  • European Union in the MSCA4Ukraine project “Design and development of 3D-printed medicines for bioactive materials of Ukrainian and Estonian medicinal plants origin” [ID number 1232466]

Author Biographies

Ain Raal, University of Tartu

PhD, Professor

Institute of Pharmacy

Tetiana Ilina, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor

Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Drug Technology and Pharmacognosy

Alla Kovalyova, National University of Pharmacy

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor

Department of Pharmacognosy

Anne Orav, Tallinn University of Technology

PhD, Senior Researcher

Institute of Chemistry

Yuliia Avidzba, Kharkiv National Medical University

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Medical Diagnostic Technologies

Oleksandr Panasenko, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department

Department of Toxicological and Inorganic Chemistry

Oleh Koshovyi, University of Tartu; Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor

Institute of Pharmacy

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

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Composition, chemotypes and sub-chemotypes of essential oils from Coriandrum vulgare and Carum carvi fruits cultivated in different countries

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Published

2025-10-31

How to Cite

Raal, A., Ilina, T., Kovalyova, A., Orav, A., Avidzba, Y., Panasenko, O., & Koshovyi, O. (2025). Composition, chemotypes and sub-chemotypes of essential oils from Coriandrum vulgare and Carum carvi fruits cultivated in different countries. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, (5 (57), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2025.341811

Issue

No. 5 (57) (2025)

Section

Pharmaceutical Science

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Copyright (c) 2025 Ain Raal, Тetiana Ilina, Alla Kovalyova, Anne Orav, Yuliia Avidzba, Oleksandr Panasenko, Oleh Koshovyi

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