Структурна модифікація 1,2,4-тріазольного ядра як стратегія створення біологічно активних сполук (Огляд літератури)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2026.356807Ключові слова:
1,2,4-тріазол, хімічна модифікація, біологічна активність, синтез, фармакофор, алкілування, гібридні сполуки, молекулярний докінг, ADME-аналіз, SARАнотація
Мета. Метою оглядової статті є систематизація та узагальнення сучасних літературних даних щодо методів хімічної модифікації похідних 1,2,4-тріазолу, а також аналіз впливу структурних перетворень на їх біологічну активність і фармакологічний потенціал.
Матеріали і методи. Об’єктом аналізу слугували наукові публікації вітчизняних та зарубіжних авторів, присвячені синтезу, функціоналізації та біологічному дослідженню похідних 1,2,4-тріазолу. Узагальнення даних здійснювали з використанням методів системного аналізу, порівняльної оцінки синтетичних підходів, а також аналізу результатів in silico, in vitro та in vivo досліджень (молекулярний докінг, ADME-аналіз, SAR-оцінка).
Результати. Показано, що похідні 1,2,4-тріазолу характеризуються високою хімічною лабільністю та здатністю до модифікації за атомом сірки, аміногрупою і атомами азоту гетероциклічного ядра. Реакції алкілування, ацилювання, утворення солей, гібридизації з іншими фармакофорними фрагментами, а також застосування мікрохвильового синтезу дозволяють отримувати сполуки з широким спектром біологічної дії. Серед досліджених похідних виявлено речовини з антиоксидантною, антимікробною, протипухлинною, протизапальною, нейропротекторною та цукрознижуючою активністю. Встановлено кореляцію між хімічною будовою сполук, характером замісників та їх фармакологічними властивостями.
Висновки. Похідні 1,2,4-тріазолу є перспективною фармакофорною платформою для створення нових біологічно активних сполук. Подальше цілеспрямоване вивчення напрямів їх хімічної модифікації та залежності структура-активність відкриває широкі можливості для розробки потенційних лікарських засобів
Спонсор дослідження
- Research project "Creation of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with polypharmacological activity for the needs of military medicine and combat victims" with registration number 0126U001480 and This study was funded by European Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria, project № BG-RRP-2.004-0009-C02
Посилання
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Авторське право (c) 2026 Dmytro Dovbnia, Andrii Kaplaushenko, Oleksandr Panasenko, Mariia Panasenko, Volodymyr Salionov, Tetiana Ihnatova, Kaloyan Georgiev, Iliya Slavov

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