Electrochemical desalination of solutions, containing hardness ions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.26243Keywords:
electrodialysis, desalination, anionic membranes, mine water, catholyte, anolyteAbstract
Processes of the electrochemical desalination of solutions with high content of hardness ions in three-chamber electrolyzer with two anionic membranes MA-41 were studied. On the example of model solutions of magnesium sulfate, it was shown that, in this electrolyzer there is desalination of the solution, placed in the working chamber between the anionic membranes due to diffusion of sulfate anions to the anodic region and hydrolysis of magnesium ions in the working area due to diffusion of hydroxide anions from the cathode chamber to the working.
The peculiarity of the electrolyzer is using anionic membrane from the cathode side. This prevents the migration of cations, including hardness ions, to the cathode region and protects the cathode from the formation of hardness ions hydrolysis products on its surface, especially from deposits on the magnesium hydroxide cathode surface, which significantly increases the electrical resistance of the system. Electrical conductivity in the electrolyzer is maintained by the migration of hydroxide anions, generated at the cathode, from the cathode chamber to the working chamber, thus compensating for the migration of chlorides and sulfates from the working chamber to the anode region. It was shown that hydroxide anions virtually do not pass to the anode chamber since they are bound in the working chamber during the hydrolysis of magnesium ions, and with the presence of hydrocarbons during their conversion into carbonates. This promotes the mitigation of the solution in the working chamber and its purification from chlorides and sulfates. In the anode chamber during the separation of oxygen and protons on the anode there is the formation of sulfuric acid. Chlorine after oxidation at the anode is separated from the acidic medium in the form of gas and is absorbed by an alkali solution with the formation of sodium hypochlorite.
Similar processes are implemented during mine water desalination in this electrolyzer when adding magnesite to the working chamber near mine water.
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