Study of qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids in medicinal herbal drugs of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze

Abstract

Introduction. Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze is one of 60 members of the genus Celosia L., family Amaranthaceae L. It is used in traditional medicine in West Africa, North America and Southeast Asia to treat hypertension, dysentery, cough, conjunctivitis, oral infections, menstrual cramps, amenorrhea, intestinal, pulmonary and hemorrhoidal bleeding. The chemical composition of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze, according to the literature, is represented by saponins, flavonoids, betalains, amino acids. The amino acid composition of some organs of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze has been studied by Iraqi, Indian and Chinese scientists. Numerous studies have shown that climatic conditions of plant growth and edaphic factors affect the course of biochemical processes and provoke variability in the qualitative composition and quantitative content of BAC, including amino acids in medicinal herbal drugs of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. Therefore, the study of Ukrainian samples of medicinal herbal drugs of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze is relevant. The aim of the work was a comparative study of the qualitative composition and determination of the quantitative content of amino acids in the roots, leaves, herb, flowers and seeds of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. Materials and methods. Dried and crushed roots, leaves, herb, flowers and seeds of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze were used to study the amino acid composition. Raw materials were harvested in 2019-2021 in the Kharkiv region. Identification and quantification of amino acids was performed by ion-exchange liquid-column chromatography on an automatic amino acid analyzer T 339. Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis, the content of 18 amino acids in the roots, leaves, herb, flowers and seeds of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze was identified and determined, of which 9 are essential. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the maximum amount of amino acids accumulated in the leaves (85.61 ± 2.14 mg / g) and seeds (97.40 ± 2.44 mg / g) of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. In the herb and flowers of this plant their content was almost 1.5 times lower. It was noted that the content of essential amino acids accounted for about 40% of the total amount of identified compounds, which was characteristic of all studied samples of medicinal herbal drugs of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. Equally high levels of essential amino acids were recorded in the leaves and seeds of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. Essential amino acids in this raw material accumulated from 34.30 to 37.85 mg / g. In herb and flowers, their content did not differ significantly and was almost 1.5 times lower than in the seeds of the studied plant. Glutamic and aspartic acids predominated in the leaves, herb, flowers and seeds of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze, where they accumulated up to 10 and 21 mg / g, respectively. Most of these amino acids were contained in the seeds of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. The roots of this plant were dominated by Proline (3.40 ± 0.09 mg / g). Among the essential amino acids in the roots, leaves, herb and flowers of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze leucine prevailed. The content of this compound varied depending on the type of raw material from 1.88 mg / g in the roots to 7.33 mg / g in the leaf of Celosia cristata (L.) Kuntze. Arginine (9.65 ± 0.24 mg / g) was the dominant essential amino acid in the seeds. Leaves, herb, flowers and seeds have a high content of lysine – from 4.10 to 5.70 mg / g. 4.41 ± 0.11 mg / g of threonine were detected in the leaf. Conclusions. Experimental data indicate the prospects for the use of medicinal herbal drugs of Celosia cristata(L.) Kuntze as a potential source of herbal medicines based on amino acids.

Keywords: Сelosia cristata (L.) Kuntze, Amaranthaceae L., amino acids, ion-exchange liquid-column chromatography.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6350017