Study of the mineral composition of Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea) buds

Abstract

Introduction. Plants of the Lilac genus (Syringa L.) of the Olive family (Oleaceae Lindl.) are extremely decorative plants that are widely cultivated in various European countries and in Ukraine. The Carpathian or Hungarian Lilac (Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.) is especially famous, it is used to create late spring and early summer flowering displays in decorative gardening in various countries. Hungarian Lilac contains a variety of biologically active substances, in particular polysaccharides, iridoids, lignans, flavonoids, essential oils, it exhibits diaphoretic, broncholytic effects and is promising for further phytochemical research. Among the various classes of biologically active compounds, macro- and microelements that affect the activity of many enzymes, are part of various vitamins, hormones and thus support the homeostasis of the body are of no less importance. That is why it is important to study the elemental composition of plants, in particular Hungarian lilac, which can be used to treat elemental diseases common in the modern world. The purpose of the research is to conduct a quantitative analysis and qualitative composition of macro- and microelements in the buds of Hungarian Lilac, which is growing on the territory of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Buds of Hungarian Lilac harvested in May 2023 in the botanical garden of the National University of Pharmacy were used for the study. Elemental analysis was performed by the atomic absorption spectrographic method with photographic registration using the DFS-8 device. Results and discussion. By the method of atomic absorption spectrography, the presence of 19 mineral elements in the buds of Hungarian lilac was established, of which 10 (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Co, Mg, Mn, Zn, P, Mo) are essential. The total content of macro- and microelements was 1320,42 mg/100 g. The content of macroelements in the studied raw materials was equal to 1280,2 mg/100 g. In the predominant concentrations accumulated (mg/100 g): K (700,00 ± 410,60), Ca (250,00 ± 20,80), P (127,00 ± 11,18) and Mg (112,00 ± 10,85). The total content of trace elements was 39,75 mg/100 g. Fe (15,00 ± 1,55) and Al (12,50 ± 0,86) dominated among trace elements (mg/100 g). Conclusions. For the first time, the quantitative content of 19 mineral compounds was identified and quantified in Hungarian Lilac buds using atomic absorption spectrometry. Potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are dominant. Heavy metals are identified within the permitted limits, so buds of Hungarian Lilac are a fairly safe raw material for use. The conducted studies confirm that the buds of the Hungarian Lilac contain a significant amount of vital mineral compounds, primarily essential elements. When combined with other biologically active substances of Hungarian Lilac, this indicates the therapeutic value and perspective of the plant for the creation of new drugs of various pharmacological effects based on the studied plant material

Keywords: Carpathian or Hungarian Lilac, Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb., buds, mineral compounds, qualitative composition, quantitative content.