Study of biologically active substances of the Laconia cretica dc. from the famıly Apiaceae lindl.

Abstract

Introduction. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 80% of the world population in developing countries primarily uses herbal medicines for their health needs. From this perspective, it is particularly relevant to study for the first time the biologically active substances - coumarin and sesquiterpene lactone nature, which are predominant in the species Lecekia cretica belonging to the Apiaceae family. Material and methods. The object of the study was Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC. In the middle of February, the plant was collected from Lankaran’s district Hirkan area. Biologically active substances obtained from species of the Apiaceae Lindl. family, such as coumarins, flavonoids, steroids, and sesquiterpene lactones, exhibit a wide range of beneficial activities (including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, cardiotonic, anti-malignant, fungicidal, insecticidal). The identification of biologically active compounds in Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC.was carried out by Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Lecokia cretica is the only representative of the Lecokia  genus found in Azerbaijan. Only one species, L. cretica belongs to this genus. Morphological properties: the trunk is straight, furrowed and branched from above,  with 30-50 cm height. Fruits are oval, 10-15 mm long. Blooms and bears fruits in May-June. Distribution area: Lankaran mountains, Republic of Azerbaijan. In the middle mountain belt - In shady forests. It is a perennial, bare plant. Only one species, L. cretica belongs to the genus. Flowers are bisexual, sometimes unisexual, monoecious, rarely dioecious, generally found in compound umbels, rarely found in simple or hypanthodium. In the lower part of the umbels, there is usually a curtain consisting of  several leaves (sometimes 1-2 leaves that fall quickly), and in the lower part of the umbels, there are sepals. Sepals might be present or absent. Petals are usually tiny, 5 pieces, white, pink, yellow, greenish, with 5 stamens. Inferior ovary, two-parted, subcolumnar at the apex (stylopodium, glandular disk), and two columnar; the lower column is usually conical or cushion-shaped, sometimes flat, ring-shaped or cuboidal. The fruit is dry, divided longitudinally into two one-seeded mericarps. Lecokia  cretica is a perennial glabrous plant. Only one species, L. cretica belongs to Lecokia genus. Lecokia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It just contains one species, Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC. Distribution:. Caucasus. (Talysh). Worldwide distribution: Balkans.-Malaysia. (Asia Minor), Iran. (northern). In Azerbaijan, it is common in Lankaran Mountains, middle-mountainous area, in shady forests. Results and discussion. The chromatographic analysis was shown six coumarins and seven various other components were obtained from the aerial parts of the plant: 1. D-alanine, N-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl ester (C₈H₁₅NO₄); 2. Butanoic acid, 2,3-dichloro-, methyl ester  (C₅H₈Cl₂O₂); 3. 2,4,6-Trimethoxystyrene hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C₁₇H₃₄O₂); 4. Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C₁₇H₃₄O₂); 5. Sesquiterpene lactone-α-santonine (C₁₅H₁₈O₃); 6. Hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (C₁₉H₃₈O₄); 7. Diisooctyl phthalate (C₂₄H₃₈O₄). Coumarins obtained from the aerial parts and roots of Lecokia cretica species: 1. Methoxalen (C₁₂H₈O₄); 2. Bergapten (C₁₂H₈O₄); 3.7H-Furo [3,2-g] benzopyran-7-one, 4-metoxy; 4. Pimpinellin (C₁₃H₁₀O₅); 5. Isopsoralen  angelicin 2.2H-Furo [2,3-H] -1-benzopyran-2-6.Angelicin. Conclusian. The distribution area of Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC species in flora of Azerbaijan has been determined in Lankaran. For the first time, via the GC-MS method 6 coumarins and 7 different other components were obtained from the aerial parts of the Lecokia cretica plant distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan. According to the results using gas-mass-spectroscopy methods, they were identified and the components of the chemical composition of the aerial parts of the species were studied by the Chromotography-Mass-Spectroscopy Method. Species of this family are widely used in folk medicine due to their anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.