Analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of the aqueous emulsion fuels of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in stable emulsions at low temperatures

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.272512

Keywords:

gasoline, ethanol, water in one phase, fuel parameter, stable emulsion, gasoline and aqueous ethanol dissolve, conditions of gasoline and aqueous ethanol separation, single-phase, non-synthetic surfactant emulsion

Abstract

Many countries worldwide encounter the greatest difficulties in improving people's life quality since fossil fuel reserves are decreasing, causing fuel prices to rise drastically. This problem has made many countries, including Indonesia, struggle to import them from producers in the Middle East. Adding a small part of ethanol to gasoline is one of the solutions that has been investigated and developed.

The previous works relating to blended fuels, gasoline and ethanol, generally employed absolute alcohol, which was expensive. A small surfactant was added to the mixture to stabilize the emulsion, and the blending was conducted in normal conditions (room temperature). If the composition of gasoline and aqueous ethanol is not precise, the components can be separated at a specific temperature.

The present study is aimed to report the analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of aqueous emulsions of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in a single phase without using a synthetic surfactant in the temperature range of 0–25 °C. The procedures were as follows: fermentation, ethanol distillation and purification, cooling, blending, and characterization of fuel specifications. Components of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water formed a stable emulsion in the composition range of 28.00‒99.79 %, 0.20‒67.97 %, and 0.01‒3.58 %. The observation found that continually increasing the amount of aqueous ethanol and temperature after one phase was attained would not lead to the separation of components. Therefore, gasoline and aqueous ethanol can form a single phase functioning as a surfactant binding water and fossil fuel. The decrease in temperature after the emulsion is stabilized can separate the components whereby it is caused by the faster density change of aqueous ethanol than gasoline

Supporting Agency

  • The work had finished successfully under supporting of respected persons at my institution, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia. I thank Rector Professor Ellen Joan Kumaat, who fully supported the work by providing the Lab facility needed. Furthermore, I greatly appreciate Professor Jefrey I. Kindangen, who competitively selected the submitted project proposals and managed the research administration documents. Finally, the approval of the research proposal signed by the Dean of Mathematics and Sciences School, Professor Benny Pinontoan, is highly appreciated. We also thank the contributors, the PIC of the Laboratory of Oil and Gas Processing Engineering, Polytechnic of Energy and Minerals, Cepu Blora, Central Java, and Oil and Gas Laboratory, State Polytechnic of Samarinda, East Kalimantan. We appreciate their technical assistance in measuring the emulsion fuel specifications.

Author Biographies

Hanny Frans Sangian, Sam Ratulangi University

Doctor of Chemical Engineering, Associate Professor

Department of Physics

Guntur Pasau, Sam Ratulangi University

Master of Physics, Assistant Professor

Department of Physics

Gerald Hendrik Tamuntuan, Sam Ratulangi University

Doctor of Physics, Associate Professor

Department of Physics

Arief Widjaja, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Doctor of Chemical Engineering, Professor

Department of Chemical Engineering

Ronny Purwadi, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Doctor of Chemical Engineering, Associate Professor

Department of Chemical Engineering

Silvya Yusnica Agnesty, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas

Master of Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor

Oil and Gas Refinery Study Program

Tun Sriana, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas

Doctor of Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor

Oil and Gas Refinery Study Program

Arif Nurrahman, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas

Master of Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor

Oil and Gas Refinery Study Program

Abubakar Tuhuloula, Lambung Mangkurat University

Doctor of Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor

Department of Chemical Engineering

Ramli Thahir, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda

Doctor of Chemical Engineering, Associate Professor

Department of Chemical Engineering

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Analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of the aqueous emulsion fuels of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in stable emulsions at low temperatures

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Published

2023-02-28

How to Cite

Sangian, H. F., Pasau, G., Tamuntuan, G. H., Widjaja, A., Purwadi, R., Agnesty, S. Y., Sriana, T., Nurrahman, A., Tuhuloula, A., & Thahir, R. (2023). Analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of the aqueous emulsion fuels of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in stable emulsions at low temperatures. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 1(6 (121), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.272512

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 6 (121) (2023): Technology organic and inorganic substances

Section

Technology organic and inorganic substances

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Copyright (c) 2023 Hanny Frans Sangian, Guntur Pasau, Gerald Hendrik Tamuntuan, Arief Widjaja, Ronny Purwadi, Silvya Yusnica Agnesty, Tun Sriana, Arif Nurrahman, Abubakar Tuhuloula, Ramli Thahir

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