Optimization of the training process for women in taekwondo

Abstract

Purpose. Based on bibliometric analysis, to determine the features of optimizing the process of training women in taekwondo. Material and methods. The following methods were used to conduct the study: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet networks, generalization of advanced practical experience. A computer search of literature was conducted in scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The search for scientific and methodological sources was carried out using the keywords: «gender in taekwondo», «womenʼs training», «dosage of physical activity for women», «womenʼs physical abilities», «womenʼs physiological characteristics».  Results. Significant physiological differences between men and women require mandatory differentiation of the training process. Studying these differences is important because it allows us to better understand how gender factors can affect the performance and success of athletes in competitions. First of all, this should be done taking into account sensitive periods of development of motor qualities and appropriate physical loads based on age changes. These differences are so significant that without taking them into account it is not possible to fully use the natural abilities of female athletes. Physiological reactions to training loads and the mechanism of adaptation to them in women do not differ significantly from the reactions in men. Differences are observed in the quantitative expressions of these reactions. These quantitative indicators determine women's sporting achievements. In highly qualified female athletes involved in taekwondo, optimizing performance may require the implementation of gender-specific training and nutrition strategies, with an emphasis on controlling body weight and protein intake. The changes that occur in the female body during the menstrual cycle determine the dynamics of the functional capabilities of the female athlete's body, their tolerance to training and competitive loads. Planning the volume and intensity of training loads during women's training, during meso, microcycles, should be based on the physiological characteristics of the female athlete's body. The morphostructure of the female body differs from the male body in a higher fat content. This creates advantages for men in running and jumping. The large width of the pelvis in women causes its large rotational movements. This enhances the work of the pelvic muscles to maintain the center of gravity above the feet and reduces the efficiency of running compared to men. Conclusions. Determining the structural components of women's training in taekwondo is an integral part of sports improvement to achieve high sports results. The trainer-teacher must take into account the individual physiological characteristics of the female athlete's body, which will allow adjusting the content, nature and structure of the training process and thereby improving the sports skills of taekwondo athletes. The use of large physical loads during training sessions of meso, microcycles during the annual macrocycle should be based on the physiological characteristics of the female athlete's body.