Effect of thickening of watermelon sowing on yield and seed quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2021.237165Keywords:
watermelon, seeds, sowing thickening, thickener, crop, sowing design, yieldAbstract
Purpose and objectives. To study the effect thickening plantations of watermelon seed plants on seed yield and quality, using different thickening designs in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.
Materials and methods. The main crop was watermelon. Sweet corn and green bean were used as thickeners. The thikeners were placed in watermelon interrows or in rows with the following layouts: 1.4 m x 1.0 m and 2.8 m x 1.0 m (sweet corn) and 1.4 m x 0.5 m, 2.8 m x 0.5 m (green beans).
Results and discussion. The highest output of seeds per fruit (21.3 g) was recorded when sweet corn was sown between watermelon rows with a layout of 2.8 m x 1.0 m (18.4 g in the control). Growing sweet corn in watermelon interrows increased the 1000-seed weight from 52.6 g (control) to 55.5 g. The highest yield of watermelon seeds (187 kg/ha) was obtained in plantations where sweet corn was grown watermelon interrows with a layout of 2.8 m x 1.0 m (+ 21 kg/ha or 12.7% to the control). The use of green bean as a thickener for watermelon was less effective. The yield increased by 7-15 kg/ha (4.2–9.0%) compared to the control. In addition, 0.8-1.8 t/ha of milky-wax cobs of sweet corn and 47–98 kg/ha of green beans were harvested.
Conclusions. The use of thickeners grown between rows of the main crop is the most effective technological technique in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine to increase the yield and improve the quality of watermelon seeds. Our experiments demonstrated that sweet corn was the best thickener, interrow was the best placement, and 2.8 m x 1.0 m was the best layout. This method in watermelon seed production allows increasing the seed yield by 12.7% related to the control (no thickeners) and raising the economic efficiency of seed production due to a gain in the net profit of 14,800 UAH/ha (26.4%) and profitability by 37.9% while maintaining high sowing indicators of seeds
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